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Clinical Dermatology > Crusting-Scaling and Pigmentary Disorders > Flashcards

Crusting-Scaling and Pigmentary Disorders Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

is crust usually a primary or secondary lesion?

A

secondary
rarely primary

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2
Q

when might you see crust as a primary lesion?

A

skin/epidermis itself becomes a crust due to necrosis- vasculitis, burns
less common: combination still connected to each other and glutted together by sebum

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3
Q

what are the pustular diseases?

A

pyoderma
pemphigus foliaceus

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4
Q

what diseases are associated with follicular casts?

A

sebaceous adenitis
demodicosis
dermatophytosis

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5
Q

what happens in sebaceous adenitis?

A

inflammatory cells attack sebaceous glands, destroy them

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6
Q

what is sebaceous adenitis associated with?

A

thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis- cats
non-thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis- cats
leishmaniosis
idiopathic/hereditary

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7
Q

which breeds have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of sebaceous adenitis?

A

akitas
poodles

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8
Q

is there pruritus associated with sebaceous adenitis?

A

no- unless secondary pyoderma present

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9
Q

when does sebaceous adenitis show up in predisposed breeds?

A

1-3 years old

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10
Q

how can you confirm diagnosis of sebaceous adenitis in biopsy?

A

nodular perifollicular dermatitis
mural folliculitis
sebaceous gland absence

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11
Q

how can you treat sebaceous adenitis?

A

cyclosporine
topical treatment
vitamin A
steroids alone not effective
apoquel +/- steroids?
cosmetic issue mainly

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12
Q

how long is sebaceous adenitis treated?

A

best clinical response in about 4 months of treatment
usually life-long

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13
Q

what is sebaceous adenitis like in cats?

A

very rare
can be pruritic
mostly in association with exfoliative dermatitis

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14
Q

what can cause primary cornification disorders?

A

ichthyosis
Zn-responsive dermatitis
primary seborrhea

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15
Q

what is the goal with management of cornification disorders?

A

reduce epidermal proliferation and scale formation
enhance desquamation

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16
Q

what are the types of anti-seborrheic medications for cornification disorders?

A

keratolytic
keratoplastic

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17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of synthetic retinoids?

A

act in nuclei
bind to nuclear retinol receptor molecules
modify gene transcription

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18
Q

what are the effects of synthetic retinoids?

A

anti-proliferative
anti-inflammatory
immunomodulatory

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19
Q

what is ichthyosis?

A

group of inherited skin disorders with symptoms that include dry skin, redness, cracking, scales on skin and commonly foot pads

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20
Q

what are the clinical signs of canine ichthyosis?

A

early age
hyperkeratosis
+/- secondary infections
not pruritic unless secondary infection

21
Q

what is the likely cause of golden retriever ichthyosis?

A

PNPLA1 gene mutation
lipid layer defect
3/15 had clinical signs

22
Q

how can you definitively diagnose ichthyosis?

A

skin biopsy

23
Q

what are some secondary cornification disorders?

A

allergy and cheyletiellosis
hypothyroidism
leishmaniosis
T-cell lymphoma

24
Q

what do primary pigmentary disorders affect?

A

melanocytes/melanin

25
Q

what can be seen on trichoscopy with color dilution alopecia?

A

melanin clumping and hair shafts damage

26
Q

which animals are predisposed to vitiligo?

A

young animals

27
Q

which animals are predisposed to lentigo?

A

young to middle aged animals

28
Q

how can you distinguish between pigmented papilloma and melanocytoma/melanoma?

A

both palpable/raised
melanocytoma is usually single and papilloma are usually multiple

29
Q

where are lesions in uveodermatologic syndrome?

A

always on face (nose) or head

30
Q

what are the layers of the epidermis?

A

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

31
Q

what does crust occur secondary to?

A

ruptured pustule/abscess or leaking pus/sebum
with blood secondary to pruritus/self-trauma

32
Q

what does the skin/epidermis itself become a crust due to?

A

necrosis- vasculitis, burns
very adherent to skin

33
Q

what is the crust in sebaceous adenitis and Zn-responsive dermatitis?

A

thick scales glued together by sebum

34
Q

what is the etiology of sebaceous adenitis?

A

sebaceous gland development genetic defect results in glands inflammation
autoimmune theory: organ-specific
cornification defect leading to sebaceous ducts obstruction
lipid metabolism defect leading to cornification defect and abnormal sebum secretion

35
Q

what are the clinical signs of sebaceous adenitis?

A

gradual development of follicular casts and spontaneous hypotrichosis/alopecia
no pruritus unless secondary
maybe leukoderma
lesions on pinnae common

36
Q

what is sebaceous adenitis like in rabbits?

A

2-7.5 years
partial spontaneous alopecia
exfoliative dermatitis

37
Q

how can you treat sebaceous adenitis in rabbits?

A

cyclosporine
triglycerides

38
Q

what can cause secondary cornification disorders?

A

allergy
cheyletiellosis
malassezia dermatitis
leishmaniosis

39
Q

how can you treat cornification disorders?

A

moisturizing
anti-seborrheic
drying and degreasing
follicle flushing
antipruritic
antimicrobial
antiparasitic
immunomodulatory

40
Q

what can you use for moisturizing?

A

oils
propylene glycol
urea
glycerin
lactic acid

41
Q

which anti-seborrheic drugs are both keratolytic and keratoplastic?

A

sulfur
salicylic acid
tar: not for cats
selenium sulfide: not for cats

42
Q

what can you use to dry/degrease in cornification disorders?

A

benzoyl peroxide
colloidal sulfur
aluminum acetate
selenium sulfide: not cats
tar: not cats

43
Q

what are the three generations of synthetic retinoids?

A

isotretinoin
etretinate, acitretin
adapalene, tazarotene

44
Q

what are the side effects of synthetic retinoids?

A

KCS
pruritus
GI upset
liver damage
teratogenicity
periosteal calcification

45
Q

what is presentation like of primary seborrhea?

A

before 1 year
cocker spaniels and other breeds
cats too

46
Q

how is ichthyosis classified?

A

mode of inheritance
type of histological changes
syndromic/non-syndromic
lethality

47
Q

how can you treat ichthyosis?

A

life-long
topical moisturizing shampoo/oils
systemic retinoids
do not breed

48
Q

what are the melanocyte functions in the skin?

A

pigmentation
inflammation and defense

49
Q

which pigmentary disorders are more difficult to diagnose?

A

pigmented papilloma or melanocytoma
T-cell lymphoma
DLE
leishmaniosis
discoid lupus many differentials

Clinical Dermatology (16 decks)

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