ENDOCRINE GLAND

Question 1

Anterior Pituitary
Subdivided into:

Answer 1

○ Pars tuberalis
○ Pars
intermedia
○ Pars distalis

Question 2

Posterior Pituitary Subdivided into:

Answer 2

○ Infundibular
stalk
○ Pars nervosa

Question 3

MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS (4)

Answer 3

○ Pituitary Gland
○ Pineal Gland
○ Thyroid Gland
○ Parathyroid Gland

Question 4

Anterior and posterior part is directly
attached to the

Answer 4

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 5

Pituitary gland occupies a fossa of the
sphenoid bone called

Answer 5

SELLA TURCICA

Question 6

Originate primarily on the
PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEI

Answer 6

OXYTOCIN

Question 7

Originate from the SUPRAOPTIC
NUCLEI

Answer 7

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

Question 8

Derived from an outgrowth of oral
mucosa (Rathke’s pouch)

Answer 8

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

Question 9

○ Anterior portion
○ Darker stained

Answer 9

PARS DISTALIS (adenohypophysis)

Question 10

○ Posterior portion
○ Lighter stained

Answer 10

PARS NERVOSA (neurohypophysis)

Question 11

○ Delineation between pars distalis and
pars nervosa
○ Separates anterior and posterior
pituitary gland
○ Indicated by the symbol (*)

Answer 11

PARS INTERMEDIA

Question 12

Connects the hypothalamus to the
pituitary gland

Answer 12

● PITUITARY STALK

Question 13

PITUITARY GLAND
○ Divided into:

Answer 13

Divided into:
■ Anterior Pituitary
■ Posterior Pituitary

Question 14

A fossa of the sphenoid bone

Answer 14

● SELLA TURCICA

Question 15

Resembles the Central Nervous Tissue
(CNS)

Answer 15

● INFUNDIBULAR STALK and PARS NERVOSA

Question 16

Are typically glandular in their level of
staining

Answer 16

PARS DISTALIS, PARS INTERMEDIA, and
PARS TUBERALIS

Question 17

Acidophil cells

Answer 17

● Somatotrophs
● Lactotrophs

Question 18

Basophil cells

Answer 18

● Gonadotrophs
● Thyrotrophs
● Corticotrophs

Question 19

Acidophils, basophils, and
chromophobes

Answer 19

Pars distalis:

Question 20

■ Cell staining is more
EOSINOPHILIC
■ Imparts pink color
■ Attract more eosinophils

Answer 20

Acidophils

Question 21

■ Blue-staining
■ Lighter stained

Answer 21

○ Basophils

Question 22

■ Located in the cytoplasm
■ poorly-stained

Answer 22

Chromophobes

Question 23

○ From which oxytocin and vasopressin is
being released upon neural stimulation

Answer 23

NEUROSECRETORY/HERRING BODIES

Question 24

Containing unmyelinated axons
supported and insheeted by
glial cells called

Answer 24

PITUICYTES

Question 25

Most numerous cells present in the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 25

PITUICYTES

Question 26

Aggregation of secretions ○ Deeply-staining ○ Basophilic structures

Answer 26

HERRING BODIES

Question 27

From neural ectoderm

Answer 27

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

Question 28

○ Focal, axonal swellings, that are pact with secretory granules ○ Upon neural stimulation, oxytocin and ADH will be released

Answer 28

HERRING BODIES

Question 29

○ Glial cells of the pituitary gland ○ Nuclei that are visible in sections belong in pituicytes

Answer 29

PITUICYTES

Question 30

Small; cone-shaped gland ○ Arises as evagination of roof of diencephalon ○ Base attached to roof of 3rd ventricle by two stalks ○ Well-developed in children ○ At puberty, starts to involute

Answer 30

PINEAL GLAND

Question 31

Hormone elaborated by pinealocytes Secretion is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light

Answer 31

MELATONIN

Question 32

Also known as: psammoma bodies, corpora arenacea ○ Concretions of calcium and magnesium salts

Answer 32

Brain sand

Question 33

○ Thin connective tissue; derived from the pia mater ○ Septae incompletely divide organ into lobules

Answer 33

Capsule

Question 34

■ 95% of cell population ■ Produces melatonin

Answer 34

Pinealocytes

Question 35

■ Comprise 5% of cell population ■ Modified astrocytes

Answer 35

Interstitial cells

Question 36

Largest endocrine gland

Answer 36

THYROID GLAND

Question 37

Arises as epithelial invagination at base of tongue

Answer 37

THYROID GLAND