ENDOCRINE GLAND Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Pituitary
Subdivided into:

A

○ Pars tuberalis
○ Pars
intermedia
○ Pars distalis

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2
Q

Posterior Pituitary Subdivided into:

A

○ Infundibular
stalk
○ Pars nervosa

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3
Q

MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS (4)

A

○ Pituitary Gland
○ Pineal Gland
○ Thyroid Gland
○ Parathyroid Gland

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4
Q

Anterior and posterior part is directly
attached to the

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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5
Q

Pituitary gland occupies a fossa of the
sphenoid bone called

A

SELLA TURCICA

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6
Q

Originate primarily on the
PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEI

A

OXYTOCIN

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7
Q

Originate from the SUPRAOPTIC
NUCLEI

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

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8
Q

Derived from an outgrowth of oral
mucosa (Rathke’s pouch)

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

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9
Q

○ Anterior portion
○ Darker stained

A

PARS DISTALIS (adenohypophysis)

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10
Q

○ Posterior portion
○ Lighter stained

A

PARS NERVOSA (neurohypophysis)

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11
Q

○ Delineation between pars distalis and
pars nervosa
○ Separates anterior and posterior
pituitary gland
○ Indicated by the symbol (*)

A

PARS INTERMEDIA

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12
Q

Connects the hypothalamus to the
pituitary gland

A

● PITUITARY STALK

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13
Q

PITUITARY GLAND
○ Divided into:

A

Divided into:
■ Anterior Pituitary
■ Posterior Pituitary

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14
Q

A fossa of the sphenoid bone

A

● SELLA TURCICA

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15
Q

Resembles the Central Nervous Tissue
(CNS)

A

● INFUNDIBULAR STALK and PARS NERVOSA

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16
Q

Are typically glandular in their level of
staining

A

PARS DISTALIS, PARS INTERMEDIA, and
PARS TUBERALIS

17
Q

Acidophil cells

A

● Somatotrophs
● Lactotrophs

18
Q

Basophil cells

A

● Gonadotrophs
● Thyrotrophs
● Corticotrophs

19
Q

Acidophils, basophils, and
chromophobes

A

Pars distalis:

20
Q

■ Cell staining is more
EOSINOPHILIC
■ Imparts pink color
■ Attract more eosinophils

A

Acidophils

21
Q

■ Blue-staining
■ Lighter stained

A

○ Basophils

22
Q

■ Located in the cytoplasm
■ poorly-stained

A

Chromophobes

23
Q

○ From which oxytocin and vasopressin is
being released upon neural stimulation

A

NEUROSECRETORY/HERRING BODIES

24
Q

Containing unmyelinated axons
supported and insheeted by
glial cells called

A

PITUICYTES

25
Q

Most numerous cells
present in the posterior
pituitary gland

A

PITUICYTES

26
Q

Aggregation of secretions
○ Deeply-staining
○ Basophilic structures

A

HERRING BODIES

27
Q

From neural ectoderm

A

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

28
Q

○ Focal, axonal swellings, that are pact
with secretory granules
○ Upon neural stimulation, oxytocin and
ADH will be released

A

HERRING BODIES

29
Q

○ Glial cells of the pituitary gland
○ Nuclei that are visible in sections belong
in pituicytes

A

PITUICYTES

30
Q

Small; cone-shaped gland
○ Arises as evagination of roof of
diencephalon
○ Base attached to roof of 3rd ventricle by
two stalks
○ Well-developed in children
○ At puberty, starts to involute

A

PINEAL GLAND

31
Q

Hormone elaborated by pinealocytes
Secretion is stimulated by darkness and
inhibited by light

A

MELATONIN

32
Q

Also known as: psammoma bodies,
corpora arenacea
○ Concretions of calcium and magnesium
salts

A

Brain sand

33
Q

○ Thin connective tissue; derived from the
pia mater
○ Septae incompletely divide organ into
lobules

A

Capsule

34
Q

■ 95% of cell population
■ Produces melatonin

A

Pinealocytes

35
Q

■ Comprise 5% of cell population
■ Modified astrocytes

A

Interstitial cells

36
Q

Largest endocrine gland

A

THYROID GLAND

37
Q

Arises as epithelial invagination at base
of tongue

A

THYROID GLAND