Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTOLOGY LAB > CONNECTIVE TISSUE MIDTERM > Flashcards

CONNECTIVE TISSUE MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

are the most widespread and abundant type of tissue in the human body

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

provides a matrix that supports and
physically connects other tissues and cells together
to form the organs of the body

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Its function is primarily to ______, ______, and _______

A

support, anchor, and connect various parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Connective tissue has three basic structural components: ____, _____ and _____

A

cell, fibers, and intercellular substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_______ are derived from embryonic connective tissue or mesenchyme

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_________ is derived primarily from the mesodermal germ layer of the developing embryo

A

Mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ is known to give rise to some mesenchymal cells (ectomesenchyme)

A

ectodermal neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a very large and diverse group of tissues that encompasses all organs and body cavities connecting one part with another end

A

connective tissue proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

very common and generally supports epithelial tissue that is also called _______

A

Areolar tissue / Loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the preponderant cells and preponderant fibers of loose/ areolar connective tissue

A

fibroblasts and collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

these tissues are adapted to offer stress resistance and protection.

A

Dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

arranged according to a definite pattern, with fibers and fibroblasts aligned in parallel to resist prolonged and repeated stress exerted in the same direction.

A

Dense Regular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the bundles of collagen fibers appear randomly interwoven with no definite orientation

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

has abundant ground substance making it jellylike with sparse collagen fibers and scattered fibroblasts.

A

Mucoid or mucous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sparse, with few collagen fibers and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

A

Mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

made up of delicate network of reticular fibers composed mainly type 3 collagen with attached specialized fibroblasts called reticular cells

A

reticular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

serves as storage depots for neutral fats and as key regulators of body’s overall energy metabolism

A

Adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the preponderant cells and fibers of adipose tissue

A

adipocytes (fat cells) and reticular, collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the hardest connective tissue. It protects body organs and providing support for organs and skeletal muscles

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

________ are cells trapped in spaces called______

A

Osteocytes - lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Small canals called ________ contains blood vessel and are connections to bigger canals

A

canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

considered a connective tissue because it provides a transport system

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

its extracellular matrix is composed of collagen and elastic fibers embedded in a gelatinous ground substance

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

______ are responsible in secreting fibers and ground substance which later become _______

A

Chondroblasts - chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

are the key cells in connective tissue proper

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

consists largely of viscous ground substance with few collagen fibers

A

Mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

are undifferentiated and have large nuclei,
with prominent nucleoli and fine chromatin

A

Mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fibroblasts involved in wound healing, sometimes called ________, have a well-developed contractile function
and are enriched with a form of actin also found in smooth
muscle cells.

A

myofibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

__________ the most common cells in connective tissue proper, produce and maintain most of the tissue’s
extracellular components

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

storage of lipid as neutral fats, or less commonly for the production of heat.

A

Adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Storage of neutral fats

A

Adipocytes

33
Q

Extracellular fibers and ground
substance

A

Fibroblasts (fibrocytes

34
Q

Antibodies

A

Plasma cells

35
Q

Various immune/defense
functions

A

Lymphocytes (several types)

36
Q

Modulate allergic/vasoactive
reactions and defense against
parasites

A

Eosinophilic leukocytes

37
Q

Phagocytosis of bacteria

A

Neutrophilic leukocytes

38
Q

Phagocytosis of ECM
components and debris; antigen
processing and presentation
to immune cells; secretion of
growth factors, cytokines, and
other agents

A

Macrophages

39
Q

Pharmacologically active
molecules (eg, histamine)

A

Mast cells and basophilic
leukocytes

40
Q

are oval or irregularly shaped cells of connective
tissue, between 7 and 20 μm in diameter, filled with basophilic
secretory granules that often obscure the central nucleus

A

Mast cells

41
Q

Macrophages derive from precursor cells called ________

A

monocytes

42
Q

Monocytes formed in the
yolk sac during early embryonic development circulate and
become resident in developing organs throughout the body,
comprising a group of related cells called the _______

A

mononuclear
phagocyte system

43
Q

________ a sulfated GAG that acts locally as an
anticoagulant

A

Heparin

44
Q

which promotes increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction

A

Histamine

45
Q

which activate various mediators of
inflammation

A

Serine proteases

46
Q

which attract those leukocytes

A

Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors

47
Q

polypeptides directing activities of leukocytes and other cells of the immune system

A

Cytokines

48
Q

precursors, which are converted to
prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other important lipid
mediators of the inflammatory response.

A

■ Phospholipid

49
Q

Release of certain chemical mediators stored in mast
cells promotes the allergic reactions known as __________

A

immediate
hypersensitivity reactions

50
Q

are lymphocyte-derived, antibody-producing
cells. These relatively large, ovoid cells have basophilic cytoplasm rich in RER and a large Golgi apparatus near the
nucleus that may appear pale in routine histologic preparations

A

Plasma cells

51
Q

Collagen and reticular fibers are both formed by proteins of the
collagen family, and elastic fibers are composed mainly of the
protein _______

A

elastin

52
Q

is the most abundant protein in the human
body, representing 30% of its dry weight

A

Collagen

53
Q

are short collagens that
link fibrillar collagens to one another (forming larger
fibers) and to other components of the ECM.

A

Linking/anchoring collagens

54
Q

is a local swelling caused by abnormally large
amounts of collagen that form in scars of the skin. Keloids
occur most often in individuals of African descent and can
be a troublesome clinical problem to manage. Not only can
they be disfiguring, but excision is almost always followed by
recurrence.

A

keloid

55
Q

) preparations but are characteristically stained
black after impregnation with silver salts (Figure 5–12) and
are thus termed

A

argyrophilic

56
Q

are also thinner than the type I collagen fibers
and form sparse networks interspersed with collagen bundles
in many organs, particularly those subject to regular stretching
or bending.

A

Elastic fibers

57
Q

In the wall of large blood vessels, especially arteries, elastin also occurs as fenestrated sheets called

A

elastic lamellae

58
Q

three
major kinds of macromolecules:

A

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs),
proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.

59
Q

are long polymers of repeating disaccharide units, usually a hexosamine and
uronic acid.

A

GAGs

60
Q

The
largest and most ubiquitous GAG is

A

hyaluronan

61
Q

The four major GAGs found in proteoglycans

A

dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfate,
and heparan sulfate

62
Q

consist of a core protein to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs.

A

Proteoglycans

63
Q

is the key proteoglycan in all basal laminae.

A

perlecan

64
Q

is very
large (250 kDa), having a core protein heavily bound with chondroitin and keratan sulfate chains

A

aggrecan

65
Q

is a 235-270 kDa dimer synthesized largely
by fibroblasts, with binding sites for collagens and certain
GAGs, and forms insoluble fibrillar networks throughout connective tissue

A

fibronectin

66
Q

Integrin-microfilament complexes are clustered in fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cells to form structures called

A

focal
adhesions

67
Q

is the excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid in
connective tissue. This water comes from the blood, passing
through the capillary walls that become more permeable
during inflammation and normally produces at least slight
swelling.

A

edema

68
Q

produced by plasma
proteins such as albumin, which draws water back into
the capillaries

A

osmotic pressure

69
Q

of the blood caused by the
pumping action of the heart, which forces water out
across the capillary wall

A

hydrostatic pressure

70
Q

is common,
forming a layer beneath the epithelial lining of many organs
and filling the spaces between fibers of muscle and nerve

A

Loose connective tissue

71
Q

bundles of collagen fibers appear randomly interwoven, with no definite
orientation.

A

dense irregular connective tissue

72
Q

is characterized by abundant fibers of type III
collagen

A

reticular tissue

73
Q

is the principal
component of the fetal umbilical cord, where it is referred to
as Wharton’s jelly

A

Mucoid (or mucous) connective tissue

74
Q

) has relatively more
ground substance than collagen, and it typically surrounds small
blood vessels and occupies areas adjacent to other types of epithelia.

A

Loose connective tissue

75
Q

is a gel-like connective tissue with few cells found
most abundantly around blood vessels in the umbilical cord.

A

Mucoid tissue

76
Q

are short-lived cells that differentiate from B lymphocytes and are specialized for the abundant secretion of specific antibodies (immunoglobulins)

A

Plasma cells

77
Q

also originate from blood cell precursors and are filled
with granules for the release of various vasoactive agents and other
substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions.

A

■ Mast cells

78
Q

are short-lived cells that differentiate in connective tissue from precursor cells called monocytes circulating in the
blood; they function in ECM turnover, phagocytosis of dead cells
and debris, and antigen presentation to lymphocytes

A

Macrophages

HISTOLOGY LAB (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions