ADIPOSE TISSUE MIDTERM

Question 1

Connective tissue in which fat-storing cells or adipocytes predominate is called

Answer 1

adipose tissue

Question 2

the more common type specialized for fat storage,
consists of cells each containing one large cytoplasmic droplet of whitish-yellow fat

Answer 2

White adipose tissue

Question 3

contains cells
with multiple lipid droplets interspersed among abundant
mitochondria, which helps give this tissue a darker appearance

Answer 3

Brown adipose tissue

Question 4

With the single large droplets of triglycerides, white adipocytes are also called

Answer 4

unilocular

Question 5

Dietary fats brought to the cells via the circulation as

Answer 5

chylomicrons

Question 6

■ Lipids synthesized in the liver and transported in blood
with

Answer 6

very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs),

Question 7

In adipose tissue both chylomicrons and VLDLs are
hydrolyzed at the luminal surfaces of blood capillaries by _________, an enzyme synthesized by the adipocytes and
transferred to the capillary cell membrane

Answer 7

lipoprotein lipase

Question 8

_________ released in the adrenal gland
and by postganglionic sympathetic nerves in adipose tissue activates a _________ that breaks down triglycerides at the surface of the stored lipid droplets

Answer 8

Norepinephrine - hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 9

Hormonal activity of white adipocytes themselves
includes production of the 16-kDa polypeptide hormone

Answer 9

leptin

Question 10

Like other connective tissue, skeletal and muscle cells, adipocytes
develop from mesenchymal stem cells. Adipose development
first produces _______

Answer 10

preadipocytes

Question 11

_________ is very often associated with agerelated metabolic changes and may involve reduced activity of the hormone-sensitive lipases of adipocytes, causing
less effective fat mobilization out of the cells.

Answer 11

Adult-onset obesity

Question 12

Brown adipocytes contain many small lipid
inclusions and are therefore called ________

Answer 12

multilocular

Question 13

The small lipid droplets, abundant mitochondria, and rich
vasculature all help mediate this tissue’s principal function of ________ and warming the blood.

Answer 13

heat production

Question 14

The main function of these multilocular adipose cells is to
produce heat by nonshivering ________

Answer 14

thermogenesis.

Question 15

Fatty acids released in adipocytes of brown fat are metabolized in
mitochondria of these cells for thermogenesis rather than ATP synthesis, using ________

Answer 15

uncoupling protein-1