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St John/ Uni > EMT Meds > Flashcards

EMT Meds Flashcards

Learning Meds

1
Q

How does Salbutamol work

A

Salbutamol is a Bronchodilator that stimulates the Beta receptors.

It is absorbed through the liver and passed through the urine.

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2
Q

What is the Contras and Indications of Salbutamol

A

Contras: Known severe allergy
Cautions: None
Indications:
Bronchospasm secondary to Asthma or COPD
Bronchospasm secondary to airway burns, smoke inhalation or chest infection
Release syndrome
Hyperkalaemia

Adverse effects:
Tremor
Tachycardia

Usual onset:
2-5 mins
Usual duration:
1-2 hrs

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3
Q

How does Adrenaline work

A

Adrenaline works in 3 different ways
Alpha 1: stimulation causes smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Beta 1: stimulation causes cardiac contractility and causes a increase in heart rate
Beta 2: stimulation causes vasodilation, bronchodilation and stabilization of mast cell membranes, reducing histamine release

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4
Q

What are the Contras and Indications of Adrenaline

A

Contraindications: None
Cautions: MI (will increase o2 consumption)
Tachydysthrmias (adrenaline will usually make it worse)
Indications
Cardiac arrest
Anaphylaxsis
Resp arrest from COPD
Severe bradycardia
Stridor

Usual onset:
IM - 2-5mins

Usual duration:
Cardiovascular effects last 5-10mins
Mast cell membrane effects may last several hours

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5
Q

How does Panadol work?

A

Panadol Inhibits the production of prostaglandins resulting in a reduction of pain and fever

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6
Q

What are the Contras and Indications for Panadol

A

Contra: Known severe allergy
Cautions: Pt has taken in the last 4 hours
Known severe liver impairment
Indications: Mild - moderate pain

Common effects:
None

Usual onset:
30-60 mins
Usual duration:
4-6hrs

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7
Q

How does Ibuprofen work

A

Ibuprofen is a NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
It inhibits the activity prostaglandin synthetease therefore reducing the production of prostaglandin

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8
Q

What are the contras and indications of Ibuprofen

A

Contra: Known severe allergy
Pregnancy
Presence of sepesis, dehydration, shock or significant bleeding. can cause increase risk of bleeding or renal impairment.
Known worsening of bronchospasm with NSAIDS
Cautions:
Pt has taken in the last 4 hours
Abdo pain
Age greater or equal to 75

Adverse effects:
Renal impairment
Increased bleeding
GI bleeding and ulceration (chronic use)

Usual duration:
4-6 hrs
Usual onset
30-60 mins

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9
Q

How does Ipratropium work?

A

Ipratropium is a bronchodilator, It is a anticholingeric agent which primeritaly blocks ACH receptors causing vagal inhibition resulting in bronchodilation

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10
Q

What are the Contras and indications for Ipratropium

A

Contra: Known severe allgergy
Cautions: none
Indications: Bronchospasm secondary to asthma or COPD Prominent bronchospasm secondary to airway burn, smoke inhalation or chest infection.
Usually used with Salbutomal

Adverse effects:
Tachycardia
Dry Mouth
Blurred vision (repeated doses)

Usual onset
2-5 mins
Usual duration
6hrs

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11
Q

How does GTN work

A

GTN is a vasodilator. It works on the smooth muscle causing aterial vasodilation with the predominent effact being on viens.

MOA - this is not clear but GTN results in the formation of nitric oxide (vasodilator)

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12
Q

What are the Contras and Indications for GTN

A

Contras:
Known severe allergy
Systolic BP less than 100 mmHg
HR less than 40/min
HR greater than 150/min
VT
Cautions:
STEMI Involving the right ventricle
Frail patient
Signs of shock
Dysryhthmia
Known aortic or mitral stenosis
Indications:
MI
CPO
Control of hypertension
STEMI

Adverse effects:
Hypotention
Flushing
Headace
Tachycardia
Light headed

Usual onset: 1-2 mins
Usual duration 15-30 mins

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13
Q

Methoxyflurane

A

Methoxyflurane is a inhaled analgesic

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14
Q

What are the Contras and Indications for Methoxy

A

Contras:
Known severe allergy
History of malignant
Known renal impairment
Methoxy administered with in a week
Cautions:
Age greater or equal to 75
Pre-eclampsia (for renal impairment)
Acute exacerbation of chronic pain
Administered in a confined space
Indications:
Moderate to severe pain

Adverse effects:
Sedation
Light headedness

Usual onset:
1-2 mins

Usual duration
2-5 mins

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15
Q

How does Asprin work

A

Asprin is a antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase which results in the reduction in prostaglandins and thromboxane

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16
Q

What are the Contras and Indications for Asprin

A

Contras:
Known severe allergy
Third trimester pregnancy
Cautions:
Known bleeding disorder
Clinically significant bleeding
Known worsening of bronchospasm with NSAID’s
Indications:
MI
STEMI

Adverse effects:
Increased bleeding
Indigestion and gastrointestinal ulceration (long term use)
Usual duration:
3-5 days antiplatlet activity

17
Q

How does Ceftriaxone work

A

Cerftriaxone is a broad spectrum antibiotic inhibiting the production of the bacterial cell wall causing the bacteria to die

18
Q

What are the contras and indications for Ceftriaxone

A

Contras:
Anaphylaxis to cephalosporins
Cautions:
None
Indications:
Suspected meningococcal septicemia
Sepsis where cefazolin is not indicated

19
Q

What are the contras and indication for Glucose gel

A

Contras: None
Cautions: None
Indications:
Hypoglycemia in adults and children providing they can swallow
Hypoglycemia in neonates

Adverse effects: None
Usual onset: 5-10 mins
Usual duration: 30-60 mins

20
Q

How does Glucagon work

A

Glucagon increases the blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen into glucose)

21
Q

What are the contras and indications for Glucagon

A

Contras: known severe allergy
Cautions: None
Indications:
Hypoglycemia when the patient can not safely swallow food and IV can not be obtained

Adverse effects: None
Usual onset: 5-10 mins
Usual duration: 15-60 mins

22
Q

How does Loratadine work

A

Loratadine is a non-sedating antihistamine which blocks the peripheral histamine receptors, therefore blocking the action of histamine

23
Q

What are the contras and indications for Loratadine

A

Contras:
Known severe allergy
Age less than 1
Cautions:
Pregnancy
Indications:
Minor allergic reaction confined to skin involvement
Prominent itch associated with anaphylaxis provided all systemic signs of anaphylaxis are resolved

Adverse effects: None
Usual onset: 30-60 mins
Usual duration: 12-24 hrs

24
Q

What is Midazolam used for

A

Midazloam is a benzodiazepine, it enhances the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). At these receptors in the nervous system it results in anticonvulsant activity, sedation, amnesia, anxiolysys and muscle relaxation

25
Q

What are the contras and indication for Midazolam

A

Contras:
Known severe allergy
Ages less than 12 (analgesia only)

Cautions:
Altered level of consciousness
Respiratory depression
May worsen signs of shock
Concurrent administration of opiates or ketamine
Aged greater or equal to 75

Indications:
Generalised seizures that continue for more than 5 mins, or seizures that are recurrent
Acute behavioural disturbance (Where droperidol is ineffectvie or unavaliable)
Pain associated with severe muscle spasm
Sedation
Severe anxiety accociated with COPD
Control of anxiety or shorthness of breath that does not respond to opiate during end of life care

Adverse effects:
Sedation
Respiatory depression
Hypotention
Amnesia

Usual onset:
30-60 mins
Usual duraiton:
30-60 mins

26
Q

How does Ondansetron work

A

This is an antiemetic. It antagonizes (blocks) serotonin receptors centrally in the brain and peripherally in the gastrointestinal tract resulting in reduction in nausea and vomiting

27
Q

What are the Contras of Ondansetron

A

Contras: Known severe allergy, Age less than one, Suspected serotonin syndrome

Cautions: None

Adverse effects:
Headache
Flushing

Usual onset:
IV 2-5 mins
IM 5-10 mins

Usual duration:
4-8 hrs

28
Q

How does Prednisone work

A

This is a prodrug that is metabolized to prednisolone in the liver.

Prednisolone is a corticosteroid with ani-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions. It inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, resulting in reduction in inflammatory and immune response

29
Q

What are the contras/ cautions for Prednisone

A

Contras:
Known severe allergy
Cautions:
Age less than 5 with asthma

Indications:
Bronchospasm associated with asthma or COPD
Croup
Prominent rash associated with anaphylaxis provided all systemic signs of anaphylaxis are resolved
Minor allergy associated with rash

Adverse effects:
Fatigue
Sodium and water retention
Gastro reflux

Usual onset:
30-60 mins
Usual duration
24 hrs

29
Q

How does Tramadol work

A

This is an analgesic. It has multiple actions within the central nervous system, including opiate receptor stimulation and inhibition of the re-uptake of noradrenaline and serotonin.

30
Q

What are the contras/cautions for Tramadol

A

Contras:
Known severe allergy
Age less than 12

Cautions:
Taken in the last 4 hours
Abdo pain, particularly if vomiting or nauseated
Age greater or equal to 75, particularly is there is a previous history of dementia or confusion
Confusion
Pregnancy

Indications:
Moderate to severe pain, particularlylarly if an opiate or ketamine is not going to be administered

St John/ Uni (23 decks)

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