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emotional behaviors Flashcards

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1
Q

psychologists define emotion in terms of these 4 components

A

cognition ( mental process -thinking judging), action (the response), feeling (emotional state), physiological changes ( heart rate)

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2
Q

most situations evoke a combonation of both the what arousals

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

what does the james lange theory say about emotion

A

autonomic arousal and skeletal action occurs first in emotion
the emotion felt is the label we give to teh arousal of the organs and muscles

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4
Q

what are the 4 steps in james lange theory

A

event…..appraisal (cognitve aspect, thinking remembering about the situation), action ( the behavioral aspect including physiology), emotional feeling (the feeling aspect)

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5
Q

james lange theoru leads to two predictions

A

people with a weak autonomic system or skeletal response should feel less emotion, increasing ones response should enhance an emotion

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6
Q

people with pure autonomic failure show what ? how is this related to james lange theory

A

output from autonomic nervous system to body fails, report feeling same emotions but less intensley….it is consistent with the theory

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7
Q

explain botox and autonomic and emotional resposnes

A

botox blocks transmission of achtlycholine so muscle doesnt move. ppl with it report weaker than usual emotions watching short videos implies body change is important part of feeling emotion

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8
Q

two examples of prrof that arrousal is sufficient for emotion

A

-panic attacks which are marked byt intense sympatheric nervous system arousal can happen due to rapid breathing and a person thinking theyre having a panic attack

creating certain body actions may also slightly influence an emotion..smiling slightly increases happiness

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9
Q

true or false: there is one area critical for emotion

A

false

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10
Q

the limbic system includes

A

the forebrain areas surrounding the thalamus

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11
Q

evidence against facial expressions for idea of basic emotions

A

-two or more emotions can be present in a single facial expression
context and gestures are important

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12
Q

what is an alternative view of basic emotions

A

emotional vary along two continuous dimensions…weak to strong, pleasent to unpleasant

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13
Q

describe behavioral activation system (BAS) vs behavioral inhibition system

A

BAS: activation of LEFT hemisphere, frontal temporal lobes…low to moderate arousal tendency to approach,,,,,happiness or anger

BIS: RIGHT hempisphere….increases attention and arousal….inhibits action….fear and disgust

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14
Q

3 fucntions of emotion

A

adaptive (escape or attack)
communicate needs to others
aid in quick decision making

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15
Q

contemplating moral decsions activated the

A

prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

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16
Q

true or false: moral decisions are usually made rationally

A

false

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17
Q

those with damage to this are show inconsistent prefrences and decreased guilt and trust. they are more liekly to switch even if someone they know

A

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

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18
Q

the ____ is important in attack and escape haviors which are closely related physiologically and behavioraly

A

amygdala

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19
Q

low activity of what gene is linked with agression

A

MAO a

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20
Q

true or false : violent crime is associated with higher testosterone

A

true

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21
Q

increasing testosterone in women results in

A

increased amount time looking at angry faces, more aruging during collaborative tasks

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22
Q

what is serotonin turnover and how is it measured

A

amount of serotonin that neurons release, absorbed and replaced,,,, concentration of 5 HIAA in cebrebrospinal fluid

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23
Q

true or false: impulsivness and agression ahve been linked to low serotonin release

A

true

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24
Q

how strong is the relationship between serotonin and agression

A

small

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25
Q

low serotonin turnover associated with violent suicide true or false

A

true

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26
Q

agressive behvaior depends on combonation of these three chemicals..also explain

A

testosterone. ..facilitated agressive assertive dominant behavior
serotonin: tends to inhibit impulsive behavior
cortisol: inhibits agression

27
Q

startle response takes how long to get to brainstem

A

3-8 milliseconds

28
Q

what part of brain important for enhancing startle reflex

A

amygdala

29
Q

what part of fear is amygdala specifically important for

A

knowing what to fear

30
Q

if a person is attacked or has fearful experience they become fearful in a wide variety of circumstances which depends on an area called ..a brain area that contorls

A

bed nucleus of the stria terminals, a brain area that controls long term generalized emotional arousal

31
Q

what is kluver bucy syndrome caused by and what does it result inq

A

damage to the amygdala, monkeys are tame and show less than normal fear, impaired social bheaviors including what to fear…monkeys wwere scientest has removed both sides of amygdala

32
Q

amygdala response is stronger when meaning of photos of faces is

A

unclear and requires some processing

33
Q

describe amydala response to indirect vs indirect fear and anger

A

stronger to indirect anger and stronger to direcct fear

34
Q

humans with damage to the amygdala can classify emotional pictures without difficulty but

A

experience little arousal from viewing unpleasant photos

35
Q

describe urbach wiethe disease and symptoms observed

A

genetic condition that causes calcium to accumulate in amygdala till it wastes away..happy in haunted house, only angry at gun point, ,.,.alsoways look at nose not the eyes if look at eyes can recognize fear..impaired at drawing deareful expres

36
Q

amygdala really responsive to what part of the eyes

A

whites

37
Q

15 percent of people with _____ suffer from panic disorder

A

joint laxity , double jointedness

38
Q

panic disorder linked to what area abnormalities

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

panic disorder related to decreased ___ and increased ___

A

GABA, orexin

40
Q

smaller ____ or lower than normal ____ levels may predisope people to PTSD

A

hippocampus, cortisol

41
Q

anxiety medications exert their effects in the

A

amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, and other areas

42
Q

hans selye defined stress as

A

non specific response of the body to any demand made of it

43
Q

what is general adaptation syndrome:

A

threats to the body activate a general response to stress

44
Q

what are the three stages in the general adaptation syndrome

A
  1. alarm stage; increased sympatheric nervous system activity
  2. resistance stage: sympatheric response declines: adrenal cortex continues releases cortical and other hormones to prolong alertness
  3. exaustion stage: occurs after prolonged stress, individual no longer has energy to sustain responses
45
Q

what is the hpa axis? what activates it

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex…dominant response to prolonged stress

46
Q

what two systems are activated by stress

A

sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight), HPA axis

47
Q

describe the sequence of the HPA axis

A

activation of hypothalamus iduces the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), this hormone stimulates teh adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol….cortisol helps to mobolize energies to fight a difficult situation…improves performance moderate tasks, impairs complex task and impacts actvity of the immune system

48
Q

what does autoimmune disease result in

A

immune system attacking normal cells

49
Q

what is formal name of white blood cells

A

leukocytes

50
Q

where are leukocytes produced and where do they go

A

bone, thalamus , spleen, lymph nodes

51
Q

what are b cells

A

leukocytes that mature in bone marrow and secrete specific antibodies

52
Q

what are anti bodies

A

y shaped proteins that attatch to particulat kinds of antigens

53
Q

what are antigens

A

surface proteins that are anibody-generator molecules

54
Q

what do t cells do

A

attack intruders directly and help other t cells and b cells multiply

55
Q

what are natural killer cells

A

leukocytes that attack tumor cells and cells infected with viruses

56
Q

what are the two kinds of t cells

A

helper t tells, cytokines

57
Q

cytokines stimulate the release of _____ which produce

A

prostaglandins…fever, sleepiness, lack of energy

58
Q

how do asprin and ipheuphrophin work

A

inhibiting prostaglandins

59
Q

what triggers the production of cytokines and what do they do

A

during an infection leukocytes and other cells produce them. they release chemicals into immune system and cross the blood brain barrier, combat infecition and communicate with the brain to inform of illness

60
Q

what does prolonged stress response do

A

produce symptoms like depression, weakens the immune system, can harm the hippocampus , increases cortisol which leads to impaired memory, increases vulnerability of neurons in the hippocampus

61
Q

socail suppost reduces respons in several areas including the

A

prefrontal cortex

62
Q

resilience is related to stronger connections between ____ and ____

A

amygdala and prefrontal cortex

63
Q

studies in mice have revealed

A

genes that relate to being more vulnerable or more resilient

bio psych (9 decks)

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