Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio psych > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the first two branches of the peripheral nervous system? explain

A

somatic nervous system: voluntary muscles, converts sensory info to the CN

autonomic nervous system: controls heart and intestines, can prepare internal for rest and digest or fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two branches of the autonomic efferent nerves

A

sympathetic (fight or flight), parasympathetic (rest and digest, release of acetlycholine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

afferent information comes from _____ pathways while efferent information comes from _____ pathways

A

sensory, motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the three plane slices? explain

A

horisontal : horizontal at face

sagital plane : left and right of top of head

coronal plane: front and back of top of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rostral is towards the _____, candle is towards the ____

A

nose, tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the spinal cord is within the spinal _____

A

collum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in the spinal cord entering _____ roots carry sensory information and exiting _____ roots carry motor information

A

dorsal, ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ is towards the top of the head while _____ is towards the bottom

A

dorsal, ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cell bodies of the sensory neurons are in clusters of neurons where

A

outside the spinal cord in the dorsal root ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two types of matter in the spinal cord? explain

A

grey matters…in the centre of the spinal cord and contains the cell bodies and dendrites, densely packed to make dark

white matter: myelinated axons that carry information from grey matter to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are cell bodies of the motor neurons?

A

inside the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sensory nerves navigate _____ while motor nerves navigate ____

A

dorsally, ventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the three main divisions of the brain

A

forebrain, mid brain, hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 5 parts of the forebrain

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 6 parts of the mid brain

A

tectum, tegmenjtum, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the three parts of the mid brain

A

medulla, pons, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which part of hind brain is most inferior

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hindbrain structures, midbrain and other central structures make up the _____

A

brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the medulla responsible for

A

vital reflexed such as breathing heart rate vomiting etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_______ allow medulla to control sensations from the head and many parasymptethic movements….how many are there

A

12 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in the medulla there’s a lot of _____ receptors

A

opiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the pons lay on ______

A

each side of the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the ______ is where axons from each half of the brain cross to the opppistie side of the spinal cord

A

pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which part of brain contains the most neurons

A

cerrebullum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is cerrebelum important for

A

motor movement, balance, coordination

shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the _______ is the dopamine pathway for movement

A

substantia nigra

27
Q

describe parkinsons disease

A

death od dopamine neurons in the substantiated nigra resulting in movement disorders

28
Q

superior and inferior colloculis are important for ____ and they also

A

processing sensory input, producing orientating movements of head

29
Q

the _____ is the roof of the midbrain

A

tectum

30
Q

describe tegmentum

A

contains nuclei for cranial nerves and part of reticular formation for sleep and wakefulness

31
Q

the fotrbain consist of the _____ and the ____

A

outer cortex and subcortical regions

32
Q

the outer portion of the cerebral cortex is known as

A

cerebral cortex

33
Q

the _________ is interlinked structures that form a border around brain stem

A

limbic system

34
Q

what are the 5 parts of the limbic system

A

olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus if the cerebral cortex

35
Q

what are the subcortical structures ? what do they do ?

A

thalamus…relay station from sensory organs…hypthalamus: conveys messages to the pituitary gland to alter the release of hormones

36
Q

the basal ganglia compromises the ____ ,

_____ and _____

A

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

37
Q

what is basal ganglia important for

A

planning motor movement, aspects memory emotional expression, attention, language

38
Q

what particular memories important in hippocampus

A

individual events

39
Q

_______ is c shaped and towards posterior portion of the brain

A

hippocampus

40
Q

the ventrals are four ______that contain..what does this do?

A

fluid filled cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid a clear fluid found in the brain and spinal cord that provides cushioning for the brain and provides a reservoir of hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal cord

41
Q

too much cerebrospinal fluid can result in ______…why? how can they fix?

A

hydrocephalus….its blocked from flowing and it pushes on the brain and can result in brain damage…put in shunt and take fluid out

42
Q

what are meninges

A

membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

43
Q

is meningitis bacterial or viral

A

could be either

44
Q

what is the cause of migraines

A

swollen blood vessels in meninges

45
Q

what is the most prominent area of mammalian brain

A

cerebral cortex

46
Q

compare layer 4 and layers 5/6 in cerebral cortex. what are these layers called

A

laminae. layer 4 is thick in sensory cortex because it receives axons from sensory nuclei of thalamus.
layer 5/6 is thick in motor cortex as it has greatest control of muscles

47
Q

precentral gyrus is the primary ______ cortex while post central gyrus is the primary ____ cortex

A

motor, sensory

48
Q

the occipital lobe is also known as the ____ cortex

A

striate

49
Q

what is it called when the eye is healthy but damage to occipital lobe results in blindness

A

cortical blindness

50
Q

what is the parietal lobe responsible for ..what can damage result in

A

target for touch sensations, essential for spatial information and numerical information,,,,difficulty identifying stimulation, inability to pay attention to certain things in environment

51
Q

the temporal lobe is essential for _________, its also resonsible for

A

processing spoken language….complex aspects vision including movement and some emotional and motivational behaviours

52
Q

what is kluver bacer syndrome?

A

damage to temporal lobes. excessive oral tendencies, emotional changes esp fear, extremest sexuality, indifference

53
Q

what does a prefrontal lobotomy do to the brain? who was it mostly used on

A

disconnects prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain..schizophrenia

54
Q

what are the 4 research methods

A

examine effects of brain damage, examine effects of stimulating brain are, record brain activity during behaviour, correlate anatomy with behavior

55
Q

ablation is ?

A

removal of a brain area

56
Q

what is a sterotaxic instrument

A

used to damage structure in interior of the brain

57
Q

what is tms

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation…..intense magnetic field to portion of scalp to temporarily deactivate neurons below the magnet. ,,,can be used to treat depression by receptive stimulation nerve cells

58
Q

what’s an EEG

A

electroencephalograph ..measures summed graded potentials from thousands of neurons ,,,can show changed with behavior

59
Q

how long to get to clavicle and then how much more for it to travel to brain and realize

A

9ms, 20ms

60
Q

describe magnetoencephalogrpah

A

measures faint magnetic fields generated by brian activity…32 localization fo cells…high resolution but high cost

61
Q

what are the two structural neuroimaging? explain

A

computed tomography: ct scan: xray at many different angles to create 3d image cheap and quick

magnetic resonance imaging: MRI: 3d image passing strong magnetic guild through brain followed by a radio wave then measuring the radiation emitted from hydrogen atoms..measures the reallignment

62
Q

describe PET

A

positron emission tomography: functional neuroimaging: radioactive molecules are injected into bloodstream..active brain areas use more blood so radio active molecules travel to that area

63
Q

describe subtraction

A

functional neuroimaging ; contro task and experimental task..mean difference

bio psych (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions