Embryology of the Female Reproductive System Flashcards
the primitive gonadal and urinary systems develop at ____ time
the same
the primitive gonadal and urinary systems both arise from the ____ that initially takes the form of the _____ body
mesoderm
wolffian body
XX=
XY=
female
male
the sex of the embryo is determined at fertilization by the ____
sperm
the genital tracts of both males and female embryos remain the same up until ____
7 weeks
the germ cells that sex the embryo originate in the ____
yolk sac
the germ cells that sex the embryo originate in the ____. They differentiate from other germ cells and then migrate to the ____ ridge (______ side of the Wolffian duct)
yolk sac
gonadal
anteromedial
Wolffian ducts AKA
mesonephric ducts
in males, hormones (______) cause the differntiation and growth of the ______ and inhibit the ____
testes inducer
Wolffian ducts
Mullerian ducts
in males, primitive sex cords proliferate and give rise to the ____
testes
Mullerian ducts AKA and are paired with what
paramesonephric ducts
wolffian ducts
in females, with no male hormones, the Wolffian ducts ___ and the Mullerian ducts are stimulated by the ______ hormones (_____)
regress
maternal
estrogen
in females, the sex cords break up and are replaced by the _______, which forms the _____. A second group of cords, _____, develop, forming the _______
vascular stroma
ovarian medulla
cortical cords
ovarian cortex
Mullerian ducts form (3)
fallopian tubes
uterus
proximal vagina
the cranial ends of the mullerian ducts from the _____
fallopian tubes
the caudal ends of the mullerian ducts form the _____ and ___
uterus
upper vagina
the upper portion of the vagina originates from the ____and the lower portion from the ___
Mullerian ducts
urogenital sinus
if the fusion of the upper and lower vagina is incomplete what will happen
an imperforate hymen will be the result
primary amenorrhea
never had 1st period
3 classifications of abnormal mullerian duct development
arrested development
failure of fusion
incomplete resorption
arrested development
one or both mullerian ducts do not develop
agenesis or hypoplasia
if both mullerian ducts do not develop = _____
uterine aplasia
hypoplasia or agenesis of the vagina, cervix, and fallopian tubes
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH syndrome)
complete agenesis of the uterus and vagina
when both mullerian ducts do not develop
if one mullerian duct doesn’t develop =
unicornuate uterus
communicating or non-communicating rudimentary horn
failure of fusion
the Mullerian ducts develop but fail to fuse together
4 results of failure of fusion
uterus didelphys
uterus bicornis bicollis
uterus bicornis unicollis
uterus arcutus
uterus didelphys
2 complete systems
has higher association of renal agenesis
uterus bicornis bicollis
2 uterus
2 ccervix
1 vagina
uterus bicornis unicollis (AKA and what)
bicornuate uterus
2 uterine horns
1 cervix
1 vag
uterus arcutus
1 of each but saddle shaped lumen
what is the most common fusion anomaly seen on US
vs
the most common occurring anomaly
uterus bicornis unicollis (bicornuate uterus)
vs
uterus arcutus
a bicornuate uterus has a serosal indent (____ of uterus) of greater than ____ at fundus
outside
10mm
an arcuate uterus has an indentation of ___ at fundus
<1cm
incomplete reabsorption (what/2 types)
the mullerian ducts fuse but the septum is not reabsorbed
uterus septus (full)
uterus subseptus (partial)
what is the most commonly occuring of all mullerian anomalies
incomplete reabsorption
why is incomplete reabsorption the poorest of reproductive outcomes
septus does not have a good vascular supply to support a pregnancy
septate uterus has a serosal surface of ____ contour, and an indentation of more than ___ of the endometrium from the fundus
normal
1cm
DES
drug prescribed to stop spontaneous abortion
interferes with development od mesenchyme of genital tract in utero
cause clear cell carcinoma of the vagina
approximately ___ of DES-exposed women have uterine anomalies
69%
most common DES anomaly
t shaped uterus (31%)
serosal indentation = _____
no serosal indentation but septate = _____
bicornuate
(sub)septate
