Embryology of the Female Reproductive System

Question 1

the primitive gonadal and urinary systems develop at ____ time

Answer 1

the same

Question 2

the primitive gonadal and urinary systems both arise from the ____ that initially takes the form of the _____ body

Answer 2

mesoderm
wolffian body

Question 3

XX=
XY=

Answer 3

female
male

Question 4

the sex of the embryo is determined at fertilization by the ____

Answer 4

sperm

Question 5

the genital tracts of both males and female embryos remain the same up until ____

Answer 5

7 weeks

Question 6

the germ cells that sex the embryo originate in the ____

Answer 6

yolk sac

Question 7

the germ cells that sex the embryo originate in the ____. They differentiate from other germ cells and then migrate to the ____ ridge (______ side of the Wolffian duct)

Answer 7

yolk sac
gonadal
anteromedial

Question 8

Wolffian ducts AKA

Answer 8

mesonephric ducts

Question 9

in males, hormones (______) cause the differntiation and growth of the ______ and inhibit the ____

Answer 9

testes inducer
Wolffian ducts
Mullerian ducts

Question 10

in males, primitive sex cords proliferate and give rise to the ____

Answer 10

testes

Question 11

Mullerian ducts AKA and are paired with what

Answer 11

paramesonephric ducts
wolffian ducts

Question 12

in females, with no male hormones, the Wolffian ducts ___ and the Mullerian ducts are stimulated by the ______ hormones (_____)

Answer 12

regress
maternal
estrogen

Question 13

in females, the sex cords break up and are replaced by the _______, which forms the _____. A second group of cords, _____, develop, forming the _______

Answer 13

vascular stroma
ovarian medulla
cortical cords
ovarian cortex

Question 14

Mullerian ducts form (3)

Answer 14

fallopian tubes
uterus
proximal vagina

Question 15

the cranial ends of the mullerian ducts from the _____

Answer 15

fallopian tubes

Question 16

the caudal ends of the mullerian ducts form the _____ and ___

Answer 16

uterus
upper vagina

Question 17

the upper portion of the vagina originates from the ____and the lower portion from the ___

Answer 17

Mullerian ducts
urogenital sinus

Question 18

if the fusion of the upper and lower vagina is incomplete what will happen

Answer 18

an imperforate hymen will be the result

Question 19

primary amenorrhea

Answer 19

never had 1st period

Question 20

3 classifications of abnormal mullerian duct development

Answer 20

arrested development
failure of fusion
incomplete resorption

Question 21

arrested development

Answer 21

one or both mullerian ducts do not develop
agenesis or hypoplasia

Question 22

if both mullerian ducts do not develop = _____

Answer 22

uterine aplasia
hypoplasia or agenesis of the vagina, cervix, and fallopian tubes

Question 23

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH syndrome)

Answer 23

complete agenesis of the uterus and vagina
when both mullerian ducts do not develop

Question 24

if one mullerian duct doesn’t develop =

Answer 24

unicornuate uterus
communicating or non-communicating rudimentary horn

Question 25

failure of fusion

Answer 25

the Mullerian ducts develop but fail to fuse together

Question 26

4 results of failure of fusion

Answer 26

uterus didelphys uterus bicornis bicollis uterus bicornis unicollis uterus arcutus

Question 27

uterus didelphys

Answer 27

2 complete systems has higher association of renal agenesis

Question 28

uterus bicornis bicollis

Answer 28

2 uterus 2 ccervix 1 vagina

Question 29

uterus bicornis unicollis (AKA and what)

Answer 29

bicornuate uterus 2 uterine horns 1 cervix 1 vag

Question 30

uterus arcutus

Answer 30

1 of each but saddle shaped lumen

Question 31

what is the most common fusion anomaly seen on US vs the most common occurring anomaly

Answer 31

uterus bicornis unicollis (bicornuate uterus) vs uterus arcutus

Question 32

a bicornuate uterus has a serosal indent (____ of uterus) of greater than ____ at fundus

Answer 32

outside 10mm

Question 33

an arcuate uterus has an indentation of ___ at fundus

Answer 33

<1cm

Question 34

incomplete reabsorption (what/2 types)

Answer 34

the mullerian ducts fuse but the septum is not reabsorbed uterus septus (full) uterus subseptus (partial)

Question 35

what is the most commonly occuring of all mullerian anomalies

Answer 35

incomplete reabsorption

Question 36

why is incomplete reabsorption the poorest of reproductive outcomes

Answer 36

septus does not have a good vascular supply to support a pregnancy

Question 37

septate uterus has a serosal surface of ____ contour, and an indentation of more than ___ of the endometrium from the fundus

Answer 37

normal 1cm

Question 38

DES

Answer 38

drug prescribed to stop spontaneous abortion interferes with development od mesenchyme of genital tract in utero cause clear cell carcinoma of the vagina

Question 39

approximately ___ of DES-exposed women have uterine anomalies

Answer 39

69%

Question 40

most common DES anomaly

Answer 40

t shaped uterus (31%)

Question 41

serosal indentation = _____ no serosal indentation but septate = _____

Answer 41

bicornuate (sub)septate