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Obstetrics and Gynecology > 2nd and 3rd Trimester Normal Fetal Anatomy - Brain > Flashcards

2nd and 3rd Trimester Normal Fetal Anatomy - Brain Flashcards

1
Q

the CNS develops from a thickened area of _____ in a process called ___ at ___ LMP

A

ectoderm
neurulation
5 weeks

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2
Q

neurulation is the formation of (3)

A

neural plate
neural folds
neural tube

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3
Q

neural tube starts to close in the middle and progress to cranial and caudal ends. The cranial end closes by ____ (LMP) and the caudal end closes about ___ (LMP

A

day 38
day 40

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4
Q

rostral end differentiates into ___ vesicles that give rise to the entire brain

A

3

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5
Q

rostral

A

front end of head

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6
Q

the neural tube differentiates into 3 primary vesicles at the ____ of the ____

A

end
6th week

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7
Q

3 primary vesicles that develop at the end of the 6th week

A

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

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8
Q

prosencephalon AKA and two parts

A

forebrain

telencephalon, diencephalon

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9
Q

telencephalon comes from and makes

A

comes from prosencephalon (forebrain)

becomes cerebral hemispheres

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10
Q

diencephalon comes from and makes

A

comes from prosencephalon (forebrain)

becomes thalamus and hypothalamus

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11
Q

cerebral hemispheres are responsible for (2)

A

learned behaviour and personality

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12
Q

5 things cerebrum is made of (lobes)

A

2 frontal lobes
2 parietal lobes
2 temporal lobes
2 occipital lobes
2 lobes called the insula

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13
Q

what are the frontal lobes responsible for

A

personality, voluntary motion

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14
Q

what are the parietal lobes responsible for

A

peripheral sensory

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15
Q

what are the temporal lobes responsible for

A

smell taste and hearing

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16
Q

what are the occipital lobes responsible for

A

vision

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17
Q

what are the 2 lobes called the insula responsible for

A

motor and sensory function of organs

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18
Q

insula location

A

inside brain (cant se from outside) between cerebrum hemispheres

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19
Q

diencephalon (thalamus) is what

A

the main relay cetner for sensory impulses

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20
Q

impulses from the right side of the body go through the _____ to the ____

A

thalamus
left cerebral hemispheres

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21
Q

diencephalon 9thalamus) lobes are connected through the ____ via the ____

A

3d ventricle
Massa Intermedia

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22
Q

Thalamus made up of _____ matter

A

grey

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23
Q

thalamus located posterior to _____

A

CSP

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24
Q

mesencephalon aka

A

midbrain

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25
what is the smallest portion of the brain
mesencephalon (midbrain)
26
mesencephalon (midbrain) creates the
cerebral peduncles
27
mesencephalon (midbrain) located anterior to
the aqueduct of Sylvius
28
rhombencephalon AKA
hindbrain
29
rhombencephalon (hindbrain) divides into
cerebellum and pons (metencephalon) medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)
30
the pons is located between the _____ and ____
midbrain medulla oblongata
31
the pons connects the ____ to the ___
cerebrum cerebellum
32
medulla oblongata extends from the ____ to the ____
pons spinal cord
33
medulla oblongata regulates
HR, respiratory rhythm, BP
34
rhombencephalon (cerebellum) locates beneath the ____ lobes of the cerebrum in the _____
occipital post fossa
35
rhombencephalon (cerebellum) locates post to ____ and ____
pons medulla oblongata
36
2 lat hemispheres of cerebellum separated by the ____ and ____
cerebellar vermis falx cerebelli
37
cerebellum function
coordination of movement
38
cerebellar vermis is _____ (echogenicity)
brightly echogenic
39
cerebrum and thalamus comes from
prosencephalon
40
cerebral peduncles come from
mesencephalon
41
cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata comes from
rhombencephalon
42
ventricles are ___ connecting cavities within the ____ hemispheres and the ____
4 cerebral brain stem
43
ventricles are continuous with the ___
spinal cord cavity
44
all cavities of ventricles contain ___ and ____
CSF choroid plexus
45
ventricular pathway starting with lat ventricles (7)
lat ventricles Foramen of Monro (interventricular Foramen) 3rd ventricles Aqueduct of Sylvius (cerebral aqueduct) 4th ventricle Foramen of Magendie and Luschka Spinal Cord
46
Foramen of Magendie is ____ aspect of ___ and connects to the ____
median 4th ventricle spinal cord
47
Foramen of Luschka (___number___) is the ____ aspect of ____ and communicates with the _____
2 lateral 4th ventricle meninges of the brain
48
foramen of Luschka allows CSF into the _____ of the meninges
subarachnoid
49
what is the largest ventricle
lateral
50
which horn of the lateral ventricle doesnt have a choroid plexus
anterior (frontal) horn
51
the anterior horn is ___ to the Foramwn of Monro
anterior
52
what are the 3 horns of the lateral ventricles
anterior posterior inferior
53
what is the junction of the three lateral ventricle horns called
trigone/atria
54
3rd ventricle is thick or thin
thin
55
the 3rd ventricle is located between the ____ and is ____ to corpus callosum
thalami inferior
56
3rd ventricle communicates with the lat ventricles via the _____
Foramen of Monro (interventricular foramen)
57
3rd ventricle communicates with the 4th ventricle via the ____
aqeuduct of Sylvius (cerebral aqueduct)
58
4th ventricle is located within
the brainstem
59
4th vent is ____ the cerebellum
anterior
60
4th vent is continuous with the ______ of the spinal cord via the _____
central canal Foramen of Magendie
61
4th ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid spaces of the meninges via the _______
Foramen of Luschka
62
choroid plexus produces ____
CSF
63
choroid plexus located in the ____ of the lateral ventricles
body
64
choroid plexus located in the ____ of the 3rd ventricle
roof
65
choroid plexus located in the ____ of the 4th ventricle
superior side walls
66
what is a bridge of whit matter nerve fibers that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
67
corpus callosum is located ___ in the longitudinal fissure
deep
68
corpus callosum seen in utero in the __ view. ____ sag
profile midline
69
4 parts of corpus callosum
rostrum genu body splenium
70
corpus callosum is seen in neonates while scanning over the ____. midline sag
anterior fontanelle
71
if no corpus callosum what happens
CSP rides up and lat ventricles are teardrop shape
72
CSP is ____ and ____ to thalamus
anterior slightyl sup
73
visualization of CSP signifies normal developmemt of the
frontal line
74
if you see = instead of CSP what is it
anterior columns of the fornix
75
cavum vergae is found at the ___ tip of the ____
posterior septi pellucidi
76
is cavum vergae seen on prenatal ultrasounds
no
77
cavum vergae closes around
26 weeks
78
layers of meninges from inner to outer
pia mater arachnoid mater dura mater
79
meninges surrounds the brain and all the convolutions (gyri) and grooves (sulci) T/F
T
80
gyri
convolutions fo teh cerebral surface (bumps)
81
cisterna magna is located between the ____ and the ____
cerebellum occipital bone
81
sulci
grooves in the cerebral hemispheres
82
cisterna magna contains
CSF
83
is the cisterna magna visualized in the normal fetus
yes
84
when may the cistern magna be absent
with spina bifida
85
cisterna magna considered abnormal
>1cm
86
what are the linear echoes that sometimes appear within the cisterna magna
dural folds that attatch to teh falx cerebelli
87
falx cerebri is what
a double layer of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres
88
falx cerebri runs within the
longitudinal fissure (interhemispheric fissure)
89
what is the tentorium
dura mater that separates the occipital lobes of the cerebellum
90
circle of willis is a _____ ring of ___
cerebral communicating arteries
91
brain receives blood from what 2 main pairs of vessels and their branches
internal carotid arteries vertebral arteries

Obstetrics and Gynecology (14 decks)

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