Electricity & Electrical Equipment Flashcards
A form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes.
Electricity
Electricity travels in a _______.
Circuit
The flow of electricity along a conductor is known as?
Electric current or modality
A constant electrical current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow in only one direction.
Direct current
A current that is a rapid oscillating cycle that alternates back and forth, allowing electrons to flow first in one direction than the other.
Alternating current
The number of times electrical cycling occurs is the _______.
Frequency
A _____ changes DC to AC.
Converter
A ______ changes AC to DC.
Rectifier
Indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates currents.
Hertz rating
Materials that transport electricity easily.
Conductors
What are the two best conductors?
Silver and copper (others include aluminum, water, metals, carbon)
A material that doesn’t allow a current to pass through it.
Insulator
What are some examples of insulators?
Silk, dry air, plastic, rubber, wood, glass, brick, cloth, and some liquids
A machine that covers mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Generator
The unit of measurement for electrical strength.
Amp
The unit of measurement for electrical pressure.
Volt
The unit of measurement for electrical resistance.
Ohm
The unit of measurement for electricity used.
Watt
The ______ indicates the number of electrons flowing through a particular line.
Amp rating
1/1000th of an amp
Milliamperes
The instrument used to measure the electrical current used in skin care equipment.
Miliamperemeter.
The typical household is wired for ____ volts.
110
The resistance to the motion of the electrons through a conductor.
Ohms ratinf
1,000 watts equals ______.
1 killowatt
The rate at which energy is used is measured in ________.
Kilowatt hours
A rating that means the appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified in the instructions.
Underwriters laboratory or UL
A closed electric path.
Circuit.
A broken electrical path.
Open circuit
A device called a _____ indicates the amount of current flowing through the equipment and regulates the amount with a dial.
Rheostat
The technical term for any appliance that requires electricity in order to work.
Load
When too many appliances are put on the same circuit and operate at the same time causing more flow than designed to carry.
Overload
If a fire occurs as a result from an overload you should:
Don’t extinguish with water, use a fire extinguisher, call 911
When a conductor comes in contact with a wire carrying current to a load.
Short circuit
The carefully insulated location where the electric current enters a building from a generator.
Power box
A safety device that prevents electrics wires from overheating.
Fuse
Breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs. Contains two pieces of metal that make contact with each other to allow the flow of electric current.
Circuit breaker
A 3 wire safety device system that has two rectangular prongs and one circular prong.
Grounding wire
Human contact with an electric current causes ________.
Electrical shock
A ________ passes through a small part of the body and can cause burns and muscle contractions.
Local shock
A _________ passes through the nervous system. Causes the heart to stop and breathing to cease and muscles to convulse.
General shock
A _________ outlet should be installed in any area where water and electricity could come into contact.
Ground fault circuit interruptor
What does PASS stand for in regards to operating a fire extinguisher?
Pull the pin, aim the hose, squeeze the handle, spray chemical discharge back and forth
The only constant direct current of low voltage and high amperage that produces an electrochemical effect.
Galvanic current
Forcing water soluble skin care products into the skin with galvanic current. This allows deeper penetration and max benefits.
Ionization
_______ current occurs when the current passes through particular acid (positive) or alkaline (negative) solutions and passes current I body tissues.
Galvanic
The process of forcing a water based solution into the skin by applying galvanic current to the solution.
Phoresis
Allow an alkaline solution to enter the skin when assisted by galvanic current and the negative pole of an electrode.
Anaphoresis
A treatment in which blockages in the skin are broken down with anaphoresis.
Deincrustation
Allows an acidic solution to enter the skin when assisted by galvanic current and the positive pole of an electrode.
Cataphoresis
A treatment in which the deeper layers of the epidermis are built up or nourished with cataphoresis.
Iontophoresis
_____ means having opposite poles in an electric current.
Polarity
Negatively or positively charged poles that attract or repel the negatively or positively charged particles in the treatment solutions.
Electrodes
With galvanic treatments two separate electrodes are used. The esthetician holds the _____ electrode and moves it across the skin to the one in the clients hand.
Active
A negatively charged electrode.
Cathode
A positively charged electrode.
Anode
Switches the current from negative to positive on an electrical machine.
Polarity changer
I’m deincrustation the client holds the _____ electrode.
Positive
In iontophoresis the client holds the _____ electrode.
Negative
If both polarities are used during a galvanic treatment always finish with the _____ polarity.
Positive
An alternating current that can be adjusted to different voltages to produce heat and uses glass electrodes filled with gas.
High frequency current or Tesla
What two gases are used inside a glass electrode.
Argon or neon
_____ gas is typically used in the glass electrodes for acne type lesions.
Argon
______ gas is typically used in glass electrodes with normal to oily skin.
Neon
When oxygen in the air around the glass electrode is electrified it creates ______ close to the skins surface which is germicidal and drying.
Ozone gas
What gas is typically used for sparking?
Argon
Slowly lifting a glass electrode away from the skin to allow more oxygen in, to produce more ozone.
Sparking or spark gap
A glass electrode should never be lifted more than a ____ inch from the skins surface.
1/4
Method where the skin care specialist holds the electrode and applies it directly to the clients face. Used to treat oily and congested skin.
Direct high frequency
Method where the esthetician does not apply the current to the surface of the skin, and the client holds the indirect electrode and the esthetician massages the skin.
Indirect high frequency
Always turn the current ___ before passing glass electrode.
Off
An alternating current that is interrupted to produce a mechanical, non chemical reaction. It is soothing and relaxing and may help muscle tone.
Faradic current
During the ________ method, the esthetician places both electrodes on the clients skin, and they are slowly turned up after application then decreased before removal.
Direct faradic
The most frequently used application _______, involves the esthetician wear a wristband with a moistened electrode and the second is wrapped in moist cotton and placed in the clients hand.
Indirect faradic
An alternating current that produces a mechanical effect, that penetrates more deeply and provides greater stimulation. Generally for older clients and only for 20 minutes.
Sinusoidal currenr
Check electrical cords often for:
Frays, cracks, loose plugs
Do not use _____ based products during electrical treatments.
Alcohol
Do not exceed __ minutes per treatment for galvanic current.
6
Do not exceed __ minutes per treatment for direct high frequency.
5
Do not exceed __ minutes per treatment for indirect high frequency.
7
Do not exceed __ minutes per treatment for sinusoidal.
30
What are some contraindications for electrotherapy?
Pregnancy, heart conditions, epilepsy, high blood pressure, cuts, diabetes, couperose capillaries, and metal plates and pins
Produces beneficial effects on the body’s through the use of light rays or waves.
Light therapy
The transfer of heat energy through empty air space (vacuum).
Radiation
When heat energy is transferred by radiation, these electrons move in wave like patterns called _________.
Electromagnetic radiation
Measuring a wave from one crest to the next.
Wavelength
The range of all wavelengths that can be produced by radiant energy.
Electromagnetic spectrum
The shorter the wavelength, the _____ energy the wave is carrying.
More
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see.
Visible light
Combination light, that can be broken into individual wavelengths by a prism.
White lights
The wavelengths that produce red are the ______ and the wavelengths that produce violet are the _______.
Longest. Shortest.
What are the two main types of light?
Visible and white light
What are the two types of white light?
Fluorescent and incandescent
An economical and long lasting light source that creates blue tones or cool tones.
Fluorescent light
The kind of light provided by an ordinary light bulb. Is usually provides warm or red tones.
Incandescent light
What kind of light creates the closest substitute for natural sunlight?
Incandescent
The range of light not visible to the human eye and comes in 2 types.
Invisible light
Invisible rays slightly longer than the wavelengths that produce the visible light rays seen as the color red. They can penetrate all other layers of the skin.
Infrared rays
Invisible rays slightly shorter than wavelengths that produce the visible light rays seen as the color violet.
Ultraviolet rays
What are some benefits of using infrared light.
Increases circulation, increases skin gland secretions, relaxes muscles, stimulates cell and tissue activity
Infrared light exposure time ranges from __-__ minutes and the light must be place __ inches from the face.
5-15 minutes, 30 inches
Rays that produce positive or negative effects on the skin depending on exposure time. A shorter wavelength than either visible light rays or infrared rays.
Ultraviolet light
Ultraviolet rays that are beyond the ozone and have little effect on the exposure the the skin receives. These rays are the shortest in length.
UVC rays
Ultraviolet rays that we are exposed to most frequently from the sun. These rays penetrate the lower layers of the epidermis and stimulate melanin production. The burning rays that cause sunburn.
UVB rays
The longest of the ultraviolet rays and are most frequently used in tanning booths. Require a larger dose to burn the skin but can penetrate beyond the epidermis.
UVA rays
Rays that are necessary for the synthesis of vitamin D.
UVA rays
When using UV light for germicidal treatments place the lamp at least __ inches from the skin and expose initially for __minute with a total exposure time of __ to __ minutes.
30 inches
1 minute
1 to 5 minutes
When electricity flows with more drag in the current, it results in increased heat which is _______ energy.
Thermal
The transfer of heat via direct contact.
Conduction
The transfer if heat via a liquid or gas.
Convection
The transfer of heat through a vacuum.
Radiatiom
The thermal breakdown of skin evident by blisters.
Pyrolysis
The ____ effects produced by electricity are similar to the attraction and repulsion exhibited by magnets.
Mechanical
_______ effects are created when electric current travels through a water based solution onto the body.
Electrochemical
Provides light and magnification for skin analysis.
Magnifying lamp
A measurement of the degree of magnification.
Dipoter
A light and magnification device that uses violet rays or black light to assist in skin analysis.
Woods lamp
An elaborate magnifying mirror and light that incorporates a black light and allows the client to also see their reflection during skin analysis.
Skin scope or dermascope
The most important piece of equipment in the facial treatment room, also known as a facial vaporizer.
Facial steamer
When the steamer begins to flow it should be placed __ inches from the clients chin to flow up the face.
16
A miniature vacuum cleaner to aid in deep pore cleansing by drawing out dirt, impurities, and sebum.
Suction machine
An automated spraying device that is performed from behind the client. Distilled water and astringent mix.
Spray machine
A unique atomizer that allows for the application of various herbs, extracts or astringents.
Electric pulverizer spray or Lucas spray
Features a handheld attachment with a small round brush suitable for use on the face and body to superficially exfoliate and deep cleanse.
Rotating brush machine
Used to achieve a light resurfacing of the epidermis with clean aluminum oxide crystals. Sprays and sucks.
Microdermabrasion machine
Applied over the face. Produces warm, moist heat at a comfortable temperature used to aid in deep product penetration.
Electric mask
Heated with disposable plastic liners to warm the hands and feet.
Treatment mittens and booties
Electric containers that melt blocks of paraffin wax used in body treatments.
Paraffin heating unit
Specially designed heating containers that melt wax for hair removal.
Wax heating unit.
Heated cabinet with controllable temperature for supply of warm moist towels.
Hot towel cabinet
Features a combination of different electrical units combined into one piece of equipment.
Multifunction machine
