Electricity & Electrical Equipment Flashcards
1
Q
A form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes.
A
Electricity
2
Q
Electricity travels in a _______.
A
Circuit
3
Q
The flow of electricity along a conductor is known as?
A
Electric current or modality
4
Q
A constant electrical current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow in only one direction.
A
Direct current
5
Q
A current that is a rapid oscillating cycle that alternates back and forth, allowing electrons to flow first in one direction than the other.
A
Alternating current
6
Q
The number of times electrical cycling occurs is the _______.
A
Frequency
7
Q
A _____ changes DC to AC.
A
Converter
8
Q
A ______ changes AC to DC.
A
Rectifier
9
Q
Indicates the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates currents.
A
Hertz rating
10
Q
Materials that transport electricity easily.
A
Conductors
11
Q
What are the two best conductors?
A
Silver and copper (others include aluminum, water, metals, carbon)
12
Q
A material that doesn’t allow a current to pass through it.
A
Insulator
13
Q
What are some examples of insulators?
A
Silk, dry air, plastic, rubber, wood, glass, brick, cloth, and some liquids
14
Q
A machine that covers mechanical energy into electrical energy.
A
Generator
15
Q
The unit of measurement for electrical strength.
A
Amp
16
Q
The unit of measurement for electrical pressure.
A
Volt
17
Q
The unit of measurement for electrical resistance.
A
Ohm
18
Q
The unit of measurement for electricity used.
A
Watt
19
Q
The ______ indicates the number of electrons flowing through a particular line.
A
Amp rating
20
Q
1/1000th of an amp
A
Milliamperes
21
Q
The instrument used to measure the electrical current used in skin care equipment.
A
Miliamperemeter.
22
Q
The typical household is wired for ____ volts.
A
110
23
Q
The resistance to the motion of the electrons through a conductor.
A
Ohms ratinf
24
Q
1,000 watts equals ______.
A
1 killowatt
25
The rate at which energy is used is measured in ________.
Kilowatt hours
26
A rating that means the appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified in the instructions.
Underwriters laboratory or UL
27
A closed electric path.
Circuit.
28
A broken electrical path.
Open circuit
29
A device called a _____ indicates the amount of current flowing through the equipment and regulates the amount with a dial.
Rheostat
30
The technical term for any appliance that requires electricity in order to work.
Load
31
When too many appliances are put on the same circuit and operate at the same time causing more flow than designed to carry.
Overload
32
If a fire occurs as a result from an overload you should:
Don't extinguish with water, use a fire extinguisher, call 911
33
When a conductor comes in contact with a wire carrying current to a load.
Short circuit
34
The carefully insulated location where the electric current enters a building from a generator.
Power box
35
A safety device that prevents electrics wires from overheating.
Fuse
36
Breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs. Contains two pieces of metal that make contact with each other to allow the flow of electric current.
Circuit breaker
37
A 3 wire safety device system that has two rectangular prongs and one circular prong.
Grounding wire
38
Human contact with an electric current causes ________.
Electrical shock
39
A ________ passes through a small part of the body and can cause burns and muscle contractions.
Local shock
40
A _________ passes through the nervous system. Causes the heart to stop and breathing to cease and muscles to convulse.
General shock
41
A _________ outlet should be installed in any area where water and electricity could come into contact.
Ground fault circuit interruptor
42
What does PASS stand for in regards to operating a fire extinguisher?
Pull the pin, aim the hose, squeeze the handle, spray chemical discharge back and forth
43
The only constant direct current of low voltage and high amperage that produces an electrochemical effect.
Galvanic current
44
Forcing water soluble skin care products into the skin with galvanic current. This allows deeper penetration and max benefits.
Ionization
45
_______ current occurs when the current passes through particular acid (positive) or alkaline (negative) solutions and passes current I body tissues.
Galvanic
46
The process of forcing a water based solution into the skin by applying galvanic current to the solution.
Phoresis
47
Allow an alkaline solution to enter the skin when assisted by galvanic current and the negative pole of an electrode.
Anaphoresis
48
A treatment in which blockages in the skin are broken down with anaphoresis.
Deincrustation
49
Allows an acidic solution to enter the skin when assisted by galvanic current and the positive pole of an electrode.
Cataphoresis
50
A treatment in which the deeper layers of the epidermis are built up or nourished with cataphoresis.
Iontophoresis
51
_____ means having opposite poles in an electric current.
Polarity
52
Negatively or positively charged poles that attract or repel the negatively or positively charged particles in the treatment solutions.
Electrodes
53
With galvanic treatments two separate electrodes are used. The esthetician holds the _____ electrode and moves it across the skin to the one in the clients hand.
Active
54
A negatively charged electrode.
Cathode
55
A positively charged electrode.
Anode
56
Switches the current from negative to positive on an electrical machine.
Polarity changer
57
I'm deincrustation the client holds the _____ electrode.
Positive
58
In iontophoresis the client holds the _____ electrode.
Negative
59
If both polarities are used during a galvanic treatment always finish with the _____ polarity.
Positive
60
An alternating current that can be adjusted to different voltages to produce heat and uses glass electrodes filled with gas.
High frequency current or Tesla
61
What two gases are used inside a glass electrode.
Argon or neon
62
_____ gas is typically used in the glass electrodes for acne type lesions.
Argon
63
______ gas is typically used in glass electrodes with normal to oily skin.
Neon
64
When oxygen in the air around the glass electrode is electrified it creates ______ close to the skins surface which is germicidal and drying.
Ozone gas
65
What gas is typically used for sparking?
Argon
66
Slowly lifting a glass electrode away from the skin to allow more oxygen in, to produce more ozone.
Sparking or spark gap
67
A glass electrode should never be lifted more than a ____ inch from the skins surface.
1/4
68
Method where the skin care specialist holds the electrode and applies it directly to the clients face. Used to treat oily and congested skin.
Direct high frequency
69
Method where the esthetician does not apply the current to the surface of the skin, and the client holds the indirect electrode and the esthetician massages the skin.
Indirect high frequency
70
Always turn the current ___ before passing glass electrode.
Off
71
An alternating current that is interrupted to produce a mechanical, non chemical reaction. It is soothing and relaxing and may help muscle tone.
Faradic current
72
During the ________ method, the esthetician places both electrodes on the clients skin, and they are slowly turned up after application then decreased before removal.
Direct faradic
73
The most frequently used application _______, involves the esthetician wear a wristband with a moistened electrode and the second is wrapped in moist cotton and placed in the clients hand.
Indirect faradic
74
An alternating current that produces a mechanical effect, that penetrates more deeply and provides greater stimulation. Generally for older clients and only for 20 minutes.
Sinusoidal currenr
75
Check electrical cords often for:
Frays, cracks, loose plugs
76
Do not use _____ based products during electrical treatments.
Alcohol
77
Do not exceed __ minutes per treatment for galvanic current.
6
78
Do not exceed __ minutes per treatment for direct high frequency.
5
79
Do not exceed __ minutes per treatment for indirect high frequency.
7
80
Do not exceed __ minutes per treatment for sinusoidal.
30
81
What are some contraindications for electrotherapy?
Pregnancy, heart conditions, epilepsy, high blood pressure, cuts, diabetes, couperose capillaries, and metal plates and pins
82
Produces beneficial effects on the body's through the use of light rays or waves.
Light therapy
83
The transfer of heat energy through empty air space (vacuum).
Radiation
84
When heat energy is transferred by radiation, these electrons move in wave like patterns called _________.
Electromagnetic radiation
85
Measuring a wave from one crest to the next.
Wavelength
86
The range of all wavelengths that can be produced by radiant energy.
Electromagnetic spectrum
87
The shorter the wavelength, the _____ energy the wave is carrying.
More
88
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see.
Visible light
89
Combination light, that can be broken into individual wavelengths by a prism.
White lights
90
The wavelengths that produce red are the ______ and the wavelengths that produce violet are the _______.
Longest. Shortest.
91
What are the two main types of light?
Visible and white light
92
What are the two types of white light?
Fluorescent and incandescent
93
An economical and long lasting light source that creates blue tones or cool tones.
Fluorescent light
94
The kind of light provided by an ordinary light bulb. Is usually provides warm or red tones.
Incandescent light
95
What kind of light creates the closest substitute for natural sunlight?
Incandescent
96
The range of light not visible to the human eye and comes in 2 types.
Invisible light
97
Invisible rays slightly longer than the wavelengths that produce the visible light rays seen as the color red. They can penetrate all other layers of the skin.
Infrared rays
98
Invisible rays slightly shorter than wavelengths that produce the visible light rays seen as the color violet.
Ultraviolet rays
99
What are some benefits of using infrared light.
Increases circulation, increases skin gland secretions, relaxes muscles, stimulates cell and tissue activity
100
Infrared light exposure time ranges from __-__ minutes and the light must be place __ inches from the face.
5-15 minutes, 30 inches
101
Rays that produce positive or negative effects on the skin depending on exposure time. A shorter wavelength than either visible light rays or infrared rays.
Ultraviolet light
102
Ultraviolet rays that are beyond the ozone and have little effect on the exposure the the skin receives. These rays are the shortest in length.
UVC rays
103
Ultraviolet rays that we are exposed to most frequently from the sun. These rays penetrate the lower layers of the epidermis and stimulate melanin production. The burning rays that cause sunburn.
UVB rays
104
The longest of the ultraviolet rays and are most frequently used in tanning booths. Require a larger dose to burn the skin but can penetrate beyond the epidermis.
UVA rays
105
Rays that are necessary for the synthesis of vitamin D.
UVA rays
106
When using UV light for germicidal treatments place the lamp at least __ inches from the skin and expose initially for __minute with a total exposure time of __ to __ minutes.
30 inches
1 minute
1 to 5 minutes
107
When electricity flows with more drag in the current, it results in increased heat which is _______ energy.
Thermal
108
The transfer of heat via direct contact.
Conduction
109
The transfer if heat via a liquid or gas.
Convection
110
The transfer of heat through a vacuum.
Radiatiom
111
The thermal breakdown of skin evident by blisters.
Pyrolysis
112
The ____ effects produced by electricity are similar to the attraction and repulsion exhibited by magnets.
Mechanical
113
_______ effects are created when electric current travels through a water based solution onto the body.
Electrochemical
114
Provides light and magnification for skin analysis.
Magnifying lamp
115
A measurement of the degree of magnification.
Dipoter
116
A light and magnification device that uses violet rays or black light to assist in skin analysis.
Woods lamp
117
An elaborate magnifying mirror and light that incorporates a black light and allows the client to also see their reflection during skin analysis.
Skin scope or dermascope
118
The most important piece of equipment in the facial treatment room, also known as a facial vaporizer.
Facial steamer
119
When the steamer begins to flow it should be placed __ inches from the clients chin to flow up the face.
16
120
A miniature vacuum cleaner to aid in deep pore cleansing by drawing out dirt, impurities, and sebum.
Suction machine
121
An automated spraying device that is performed from behind the client. Distilled water and astringent mix.
Spray machine
122
A unique atomizer that allows for the application of various herbs, extracts or astringents.
Electric pulverizer spray or Lucas spray
123
Features a handheld attachment with a small round brush suitable for use on the face and body to superficially exfoliate and deep cleanse.
Rotating brush machine
124
Used to achieve a light resurfacing of the epidermis with clean aluminum oxide crystals. Sprays and sucks.
Microdermabrasion machine
125
Applied over the face. Produces warm, moist heat at a comfortable temperature used to aid in deep product penetration.
Electric mask
126
Heated with disposable plastic liners to warm the hands and feet.
Treatment mittens and booties
127
Electric containers that melt blocks of paraffin wax used in body treatments.
Paraffin heating unit
128
Specially designed heating containers that melt wax for hair removal.
Wax heating unit.
129
Heated cabinet with controllable temperature for supply of warm moist towels.
Hot towel cabinet
130
Features a combination of different electrical units combined into one piece of equipment.
Multifunction machine
