Anatomy Flashcards
The study of the organs and systems of the body?
Anatomy
The study of the functions of these organs and systems.
Physiology
The study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye.
Gross anatomy
The study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope.
Histology
What are the 4 building blocks of the human body?
Cells, tissues, organs, and body systems.
The control center of the cell that controls reproduction, growth, and metabolism.
Nucleus
The production department of the cell.
Cytoplasm
The outer surface and enclosing structure of the cell.
Cell membrane
The basic units of life.
Cells
A colorless, gel like substance that contains water, salt, and nutrients obtained from food.
Protoplasm
What part of the cell is vitally important for reproduction?
Nucleus
Small structures that perform most of the cells activities. They also store food for growth, repair and restore the cell.
Organelles
Human cells reproduce by what process?
Mitosis. Dividing in half.
The chemical process by which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction.
Metabolism
What is the main source for energy for the body?
Carbohydrates
The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. This phase stores water, food, and oxygen.
Anabolism
The process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones. This releases energy within the cell.
Catabolism
Groups of cells of the same kind make up _____.
Tissues
The tissue that covers and protects the body surfaces and internal organs.
Epithelial
The tissue that supports, protects, and holds the body together.
Connective.
The tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions.
Nerve
The tissue that contracts when stimulated to produce motion.
Muscular
The tissue that carries food, waste products and hormones.
Liquid
Separate body structures that perform specific functions.
Organs
What are the 8 primary organs?
Brain, eyes, heart, lungs, stomach/intestines, liver, kidneys, and skin.
What organ eliminates water and waste products?
Kidneys
What organ removes the toxic by products of digestion?
Liver
What is the body’s largest organ?
Skin
A group of body organs that perform one or more vital functions for the body.
Body systems
What are the 10 body systems?
Skeletal, muscular, circulatory, nervous, digestive, excretory, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive, and integumentary.
What is the physical foundation of the body?
Skeletal system
How many bones make up the skeletal system?
206
The study of bones.
Osteology
Flat bones are ____ shaped.
Plate
Where are long bones found?
Arms and legs
Bone is the _____ structure and is made up of ____ mineral matter and ___ organic matter.
Hardest 2/3 1/3
What are some functions of the skeletal system?
Support the body, give it shape, protect organs, provide frame for muscle attachment, allow body movement, produce red and white blood cells, and store calcium.
The facial skeleton that encloses and protects the brain and primary sensory organs is called the _____.
Skull
How many bones make up the cranium?
8
How many bones make up the facial skeleton?
14
The bone that extends from the top of the eyes to the top of the head and forms the forehead.
Frontal
The bones that form the crown and upper sides of the head.
Parietal
The bone that forms the back of the skull and indents above the nape area.
Occipital
The bones that are located on either side of the head, directly above the ears and below the parietal bones.
Temporal
The ____ is located behind the eyes and nose and connects all the bones of the cranium.
Sphenoid
The ____ is the spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity.
Ethmoid
How many bones of the facial skeleton are affected by facial massage?
9
The ____ is the lower jaw and the largest bone of the facial skeleton.
Mandible
The ____ are the two bones of the upper jaw.
Maxillae
The _____ are the two bones that form the upper cheek and the bottom of the eye socket.
Zygomatic or malar
The _____ are the smallest two bones of the facial skeleton and form the front part of the inner, bottom wall of the eye socket.
Lacrimal
The ____ are the two bones that join to form the bridge of the nose.
Nasal
The seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column.
Cervical vertebrae
The u shaped bone referred to as the Adam’s apple located in the throat. The only bone in the body not connected to another.
Hyoid
The bony cage that is made up of the spine or thoracic vertebrae, the sternum and the 12 ribs.
Thorax
How many bones make up the thorax?
33
The bone that runs across the chest between the shoulders.
Clavicle or collarbone
The upper chest area is known as the ____.
Décolleté
The two large flat bones extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where they attach to the clavicle.
Scapula or shoulder blade
The largest bone of the upper arm that extend from the elbow to the shoulder.
Humerus
The smaller bone on the thumb side of the lower arm or forearm.
Radius
The bone located on the little finger side of the lower arm.
Ulna
The 8 small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus.
Carpals
The five long thin bones that form the palm of the hand.
Metacarpals
The 14 bones that form the digits or fingers. Each finger has 3 phalanges while the thumb only has 2.
Phalanges
The study of the structure, function, and disease of the muscles.
Myology
How many muscles are there in the human body?
Over 500
How much of the body’s weight is muscle?
40%
Fibrous tissues that contract or relax when stimulated by messages carried by the nervous system to produce movement.
Muscles
What are the 4 functions of muscles?
Movement, attachment, protection, and shape
Muscles that respond to conscious commands.
Voluntary or striated
Muscles that respond automatically to control various body functions.
Involuntary or non striated
Muscle of the heart itself and the only muscle of its type.
Cardiac
The nonmoving fixed portion of a muscle attached to bones or other fixed muscle.
Origin
The midsection of the muscle between two attached sections.
Belly
The portion of the muscle joined to movable attachments.
Insertion
Bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones.
Tendons
Dense, strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect the bones to each other.
Ligaments
What are some ways to stimulate muscle tissue and nerves?
Massage, electricity, light rays, heat rays, moist heat, nerve impulses and chemicals
When massaging a muscle work from the _____ towards the ______.
Insertion to the origin
The scalp is covered by a broad muscle called the _______.
Epicranius or occipito frontalis
The epicranius is formed by two muscles joined by the ________ tendon.
Aponeurosis
The muscle that extends from the forehead to the top of the skull. It raises the eyebrows and draws the scalp forward.
Frontalis
The muscle that is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back.
Occipitalis
How many muscles make up the ear?
3
What muscle is located in front of the ear?
Auricularis anterior
What muscle is located above the ear?
Auricularis superior
What muscle is located behind the ear?
Auricularis posterior
What muscle is located under the eyebrows and controls the eyebrows drawing them in and downward.
Corrugator
What muscle is located above the eyelids and opens the eyelids?
Levator palpebrae superioris
What muscle circles the eye socket and closes the eyelid?
Orbicularis oculi
What muscle is located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose and draws the brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge if the nose?
Procerus
How many muscles control expansion and contraction of the nostrils?
4
What muscle circles the mouth and contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips as in whistling?
Orbis orbicularis
