EL 5

Question 1

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 1

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 2

How do we draw an ion configuration of a shell that has lots its electrons?

Answer 2

Leave it empty

Question 3

Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice

Answer 3

every ion is surrounded by 6 oppositely charged

Question 4

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 4

The bond formed between atoms with a shared pair of electrons

Question 5

What type of bond does O2 have?

Answer 5

A double bond

Question 6

What type of bond does H2 have?

Answer 6

Single

Question 7

What type of bond does N2 have?

Answer 7

Triple

Question 8

What is a dative covalent bond?

Answer 8

A shared pair of electrons which have been provided by only one of the bonding atoms

Question 9

What bonds does an ammonium ion have?

Answer 9

3 single bonds
1 dative covalent

Question 10

What are the properties of covalent bonds?

Answer 10

• Relatively low melting & boiling point
• They do not conduct electricity (no charged particles)
• Mostly insoluble in water

Question 11

What is the electron repulsion theory?

Answer 11

Electrons repel as far as possible

Question 12

What should we include in every answer to an exam Q to do with shapes of molecules?

Answer 12

Electrons repel as far as possible

Question 13

What type of pairs of electrons don’t influence shape?

Answer 13

Covalently bonded

Question 14

What type of pairs of electrons influence shape? Why?

Answer 14

Lone pairs because they repel more strongly than bonding pairs

Question 15

How much will each lone pair reduce the bonding angle by?

Answer 15

2.5 degrees

Question 16

3 properties of lone pairs

Answer 16

• Can influence a molecule’s shape
• More concentrated regions of negative charge
• repels more than a bonded pair

Question 17

What is a region of charge?

Answer 17

1 region of charge = single bond OR double bond OR triple bond OR lone pair

Question 18

How do we figure out the shape of a molecules?

Answer 18

• Draw a dot and cross diagram
• Identify which atom of the molecules is the CENTRAL ATOM
• Count the regions of charge around the central atom
• Work out the bond angles based on the regions of charge
• Identify any lone pairs as this will affect both the shape and the bond angle
• identify the shape

Question 19

What shape and angle is a molecule with 2 bonding pairs?

Answer 19

Linear - 180 degrees

Question 20

What shape and angle is a molecule with 3 bonding pairs?

Answer 20

Planar triangular - 120 degrees

Question 21

What shape and angle is a molecule with 4 bonding pairs?

Answer 21

Tetrahedral - 109.5 degrees

Question 22

What shape and angle is a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer 22

Pyramidal - 107 degrees

Question 23

What shape and angle is a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

Answer 23

Non-linear - 104.5 degrees

Question 24

What shape and angle is a molecule with 5 bonding pairs?

Answer 24

Bipyramidal - 90 & 120 degrees

Question 25

What shape and angle is a molecule with 6 bonding pairs?

Answer 25

Octahedral - 90 degrees

Question 26

How do you draw a covalent bond on plain paper?

Answer 26

Straight line

Question 27

How do you draw a bond coming towards you on paper?

Answer 27

Triangle pointing towards central atom

Question 28

How do you draw a bond going away from you on paper?

Answer 28

3 lines increasing in size