Effusions

Question 1

Serous

Answer 1

Relating to blood serum
Pale yellow watery fluid
No/low leucocytes
Low concentration of plasma protein

Question 2

Fibrinous

Answer 2

Exudation of fibrinogen and fluid
formation of thick, friable, loosely adherent fibrin

Question 3

Haemorrhagic

Answer 3

Loss of blood from damaged blood vessels

Question 4

Purulent

Answer 4

Containing of producing pus - viscous creamy liquid
Exudate consisting of degenerated and necrotic neutrophils and fluid
Typically associated with bacterial infections

Question 5

Transudate

Answer 5

Extravascular filtrate of protein and cell poor fluid
Caused by:
* Increased hydrostatic pressure
OR
* Decreased colloid-osmotic pressure
Accumulates in body cavities and extracellular compartments
Fluid appears grossly clear and watery (serous)

fluid leakage from intravascular to extravascular compartment WITHOUT increase in permeability of vessels

Question 6

Causes of transudate production

Answer 6

Due to increased hydrostatic pressure:
* Venous outflow obstruction
Due to decreased colloid osmotic pressure:
* Decreased protein synthesis
* Increased protein loss

Question 7

Exudate

Answer 7

Extravascular fluid with a high protein concentration
Can contain leucocytes
Presence implies existence of an inflammatory process which has increased permeability of blood vessels
(Allows active transport of proteins and leucocytes across capillary walls

Question 8

Types of exudates

Answer 8

Serous
Fibrinous
Purulent
Haemorrhagic