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FCP - Pathology Week > Ectoparasite Diagnostic Tests > Flashcards

Ectoparasite Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Steps for diagnosis of ectoparasites

A
  1. Know which parasite(s) you are looking for
    ○ Based on host species, history, clinical signs
  2. Carry out appropriate test(s)
  3. Carry out test correctly and take adequate samples from representative areas
  4. Examine the sample systematically to find the parasite
  5. Identify the parasite
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2
Q

Which tests are appropriate for fleas?

A

Coat brushing onto paper (+/- wet paper test)
NO MICROSCOPY

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3
Q

Which tests are appropriate for Lice?

A

Coat brushing onto paper OR liquid paraffin
Unstained acetate tape strip
Trichograms for eggs
Microscopy only used to identify species

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4
Q

Which tests are appropriate for Surface mites?

A

Coat brushings/combings into liquid paraffin on slide
Ear wax into liquid paraffin on slide
Superficial skin scrape into liquid paraffin
Unstained acetate tape strip
Trichogram (egg on hair) for Cheyletiella
Microscopy generally required

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5
Q

Which tests are appropriate for Burrowing Mites?

A

Deep skin scrape into liquid paraffin
Hair pluck (for demodex)
Acetate impression smears of squeezed skin (new technique)
MICROSCOPY ALWAYS REQUIRED

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6
Q

Which ectoparasites are identifiable with coat brushing onto paper?

A

Fleas
Lice

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7
Q

Which ectoparasites are identifiable with coat brushing into liquid paraffin onto slide?

A

Lice
Surface mites (Cheyletiella)

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8
Q

Which ectoparasites are identifiable with unstained acetate strip?

A

Lice
Surface mites (Cheyletiella and Neotrombicula)

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9
Q

Which ectoparasites are identifiable with superficial skin scrapings?

A

Surface mites (Cheyletiella and Neotrombicula)

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10
Q

Which ectoparasites are identifiable with deep skin scrapings?

A

Burrowing mites

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11
Q

Which ectoparasites are identifiable with hair plucks (trichograms)?

A

Lice eggs
Surface mite eggs (Cheyletiella)
Demodex

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12
Q

Examples of serology tests

A

Psoroptes antibody serology
Sarcoptes IgG serology
Flea IgE serology

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13
Q

Psoroptes Antibody Serology

A

Sheep Scab
Detects host antibodies to recombinant mite antigen
Can detect sheep scab infestation within 2 weeks of contact
* Potentially before clinical signs
Potential for false positives (from previously resolved infections)

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14
Q

Sarcoptes IgG Serology

A

False -ves
* Takes 1 month to seroconvert
False +ves
* Occasional cross reaction with anti-housedust mite antibodies in environmental atopics

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15
Q

Flea IgE Serology

A

Detects flea allergy/hypersensitivity NOT infestation
Detects type I hypersensitivity (NOT IV)

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16
Q

Tips for sampling

A

Select primary lesion if possible
Take multiple samples
Examine samples in LP under coverskip
Don’t make preparation too think
View area systematically
view on x4-10 with condenser diaphragm partially closed
Look at samples in-house

17
Q

Tips for deep scrapings

A

Clip hair very short
Squeeze skin
scrape until capillary bleeding seen
May need biopsy if skin is thickened

18
Q

Tips for Psoroptes sampling

A

Superficial scrapes at leading edge of lesion

19
Q

How to identify insect

A

3 body parts
* Head
* Thorax
* Abdomen
3 pairs of legs on adults
* attached to thorax

20
Q

How to identify Flies

A

3 body parts
* Head
* Thorax
* Abdomen
3 pairs of legs on adults
* attached to thorax
+ WINGS

21
Q

How to identify Fleas

A

3 body parts
* Head
* Thorax
* Abdomen
3 pairs of legs on adults
* attached to thorax
+ Laterally flattened
+ Powerful legs
+ NO WINGS

22
Q

How to identify Lice

A

3 body parts
* Head
* Thorax
* Abdomen
3 pairs of legs on adults
* attached to thorax
+ Dorsoventrally flattened
+ NO WINGS

23
Q

Chewing/biting lice

A

Head is wider than thorax

24
Q

Sucking lice

A

Head is narrower than thorax

25
Q

How to identify an arachnid

A

2 body parts
* Gnathosoma
* Idiosoma
4 pairs of legs on adult
* attached to idiosoma

26
Q

How to identify a tick

A

2 body parts
* Gnathosoma
* Idiosoma
4 pairs of legs on adult
* attached to idiosoma
2-20mm
Only hard ticks in the UK

27
Q

Ixodes Spp.

A

No festoons
Inornate

28
Q

Rhipicephalus

A

Festoons
Inornate

29
Q

Dermacentor spp.

A

Festoons
Ornate

30
Q

How to identify a mite

A

2 body parts
* Gnathosoma
* Idiosoma
4 pairs of legs on adult
* attached to idiosoma
<1mm

31
Q

Surface mites

A

Longer legs

32
Q

Burrowing Mites

A

Short legs
Some legs not always visible
Cigar-shaped - demodex

FCP - Pathology Week (20 decks)

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