EEMB: Animals - Vertebrates Flashcards
Major characteristics of verterbrates
Dorsal nervous system internal skeleton vertebral column organs in a ceolom circulatory system
T/F: True powered flight evolved in the winged insects
FALSE - it started happening in vertebrates
What separates the vertebrates from other chordates?
spinal column
cranium
First jaws appear in what class? What did it develop from?
placoderm (placodermi)
modification of gill arches
What period was age of the fishes?
Devonian period
What other fishes evolved during the Devonian period with the placoderms
ray-finned fishes
lobe-ray fishes
Class Chondrichthyes include what animals?
sharks
The skeleton of chondrichthyes are composed of what? This means the lack true bone.
cartilage
The bony fish are class
osteichthys
T/F: bone is a living tissue
True
Evolutionary structure that helps with swimming in osteichthys
swim bladder
The swim bladder has many fucntions (list them in your head) but now its main function is there for _______
neutral buoyancy
other functions: respiration, hearing, etc.
How did vertebrates colonize land? Which were the first animals to get such characteristics
Swim bladder as primitive lung
Developed jointed appendages
lungfish
Coelocanths
Tetrapods describe what type of animals
4 limb animals (mainly terrestrial)
What the 4 classes of tetrapods?
amphibians
reptiles
aves
mammals
Characteristics of amphibia
land and water
breath through skin and lungs
Adaptations to the challenges on land include a modified _____, what type of skin? and _____ to concentrate urine
modified egg (amniote egg)
water-tight skin
kidneys
What class was the (first?) successful amniote lineage
Reptiles
Class aves are the
birds
Aves evolved from what lineage?
dinosaurs
Describe the heart of the reptiles
4 chambered incomplete heart
Describe specializations for flight in class aves
feathers
light hollow bones
one-way breathing system
flight muscles attached to breast bone
What was modified into feathers?
scales
The fantastic example of convergent evolution
Wings - bats, birds, dinos
First vertebrates to gain flights
Pterosaurs
the two hypothesis to flgiht
“ground up”
“trees down”
What is homeothermy
warm-blooded
T/F: Homeothermy first evolved in mammals
True
Features of mammals
mammary/sweat glands
hair
complete 4 chambered heart
3 major groups of mammals
Eutheria (placental)
Marsupials (pouched)
Monotremes (egg laying)
The secondary invaders of the sea
marine mamals - weddell seal
The champion divers of the antartic
Weddell seal!
