EEMB 3: Animals - Arthropods

Question 1

What group of animals dominate the animal kingdom? Why?

Answer 1

Athropods

They are the most successful and the most diverse

Question 2

Athropods branch from what linage of animals?

Answer 2

Ecdysozoans

Question 3

What is the key characteristic of arthropods?

Answer 3

the epidermis is made of a chitinous exoskeleton

Question 4

Jointed appendages first appear in ___. What era?

Answer 4

trilobites

Paleozoic Era

Question 5

What is the event that wiped out almost 90% of the species on earth?

Answer 5

Great Permian Extinction

Question 6

3 key characteristics of arthropods

Answer 6

rigid exoskeleton
segmentation
jointed appendages

Question 7

Why are joined appendages so great?

Answer 7

they can be modified for different functions

specialization

Question 8

The major theme in arthropod evolution

Answer 8

specialization

Question 9

The exoskeleton is ____ layered, made of ____ which is a polysaccaride

Answer 9

multi-layered

chitin

Question 10

Jointed appendages are moved by ______

Answer 10

muscles attached to the rigid surface

Question 11

Attributes of the exoskeleton that led to its large impact

Answer 11

Support on dry land (allowed to move to terrestrial environments)
Waterproof

Question 12

What is the scientific word for molting?

Answer 12

Ecdysis

Question 13

Molting is under the control of ____ which is produced by what organ?

Answer 13

hormones

Y-organ

Question 14

The hormone that causes ecdysis is called

Answer 14

ecdysteroid

Question 15

Two ways the old cuticle is disposed of

Answer 15

partially digested by enzymes

body swells and breaks out

Question 16

Muscles in arthropods are smooth or striated?

Answer 16

striated

Question 17

Arthropods have and open or close circulatory system?

Answer 17

open (heart)

Question 18

What is diagnostic of arthropods in terms of the circulatory system?

Answer 18

the “heart with ostia”

Question 19

What cell type carries oxygen in the blood of arthropods?

Answer 19

Hemocyanin

Question 20

Gas exchange in arthropods happen through ___. Which type is the one exception and what does it use instead?

Answer 20

trachea

spiders- book lungs

Question 21

The 4 major groups of arthropods

Answer 21

Crustacea
Hexapoda (Insecta)
Myriapoda
Chelicerata (Arachnids)

Question 22

Which group is the most dominant marine arthropod?

Answer 22

Crustacea

Decapods, isopods, amphipods, cepepods, barnacles

Question 23

Crustaceans are divided into what 3 parts

Answer 23

head
thorax
abdomen

Question 24

What structure covers the head and thorax of the crustaceans

Answer 24

the carapace

Question 25

Crustaceans have _____ larvae

Answer 25

naupilus

Question 26

T/F: crustaceans don’t have chromatophores

Answer 26

False!

Question 27

What may be the most abundant animal on the planet?

Answer 27

Copepods (zooplankton)

Question 28

Where does “marine snow” come from?

Answer 28

poop of copepods

Question 29

Most successful isopods?

Answer 29

Rolly pollies (sow/pill bug)

Question 30

Barnacles are _______ and have a very large _____

Answer 30

hermaphrodtic

long penis

Question 31

First animals to develop flight

Answer 31

hexapods

Question 32

Hexapods have 3 pairs of _____ on the _____

Answer 32

appendages

thorax

Question 33

Trachea maximizses _____ over which respiratory gas exchange and occur

Answer 33

body surface area

Question 34

What are the openings on the surface on insects for respiration

Answer 34

spiracles

Question 35

Insects equivalent of human kidneys (nephron tubes)

Answer 35

Malpighian tubules

Question 36

How is the development in wingless insects

Answer 36

Babies look like mini adults

Question 37

What are instars?

Answer 37

the molten shell of insects (just that the insect needs to molt a lot to develop)

Question 38

Pterygote insects are what type of bugs?

Answer 38

winged insects

Question 39

The development of Pterygote insects involve the ___ and adult stage

Answer 39

larval

Question 40

Three groups of Pterygotes involve

Answer 40

ones that cannot hid wings
ones that can but don’t go through complete metamorphasis
ones that can hide wings and do complete metamorphasis

Question 41

The only insect that cannot fold its wings (common and scientific names)

Answer 41

dragonflies/damselflies (predators-aquatic larvae)

Odontata

Question 42

Most winged insects fall under which category of Pterygotes?

Answer 42

Ones that fold wings and undergo complete metamorphosis

Question 43

Examples of the group Chelicerates

Answer 43

spiders, scropions, mites, horeshoe crabs, “sea spiders”

Question 44

Distinct body regions for chelicerates

Answer 44

abdomen and cephalothorax

Question 45

At the anterior of the cephalothorax, there are mouth parts called. They lack ____

Answer 45

chelicerae

mandibles

Question 46

Sea spiders fall under class

Answer 46

Pycnogonida

Question 47

Describe sea spiders

Answer 47

small bodies with long legs, complete digestive system with a sucker for a mouth

Question 48

In spiders, chelicerae are modified into ___ that have ___. Therefore all spiders are

Answer 48

fangs
poison glands
predators

Question 49

How do spiders make webs?

Answer 49

silk glands

Question 50

How are spiders better at detecting motion?

Answer 50

They have simple eyes

Question 51

The horseshoe crabs fall under what group chelicerates. What significance do they have?

Answer 51

Merstomata

Used for medical purposes for bacterial infections

Question 52

What is different about the body plan of Myriapods

Answer 52

only two parts

head and trunk

Question 53

Myriapods have which two groups of arthropods?

Answer 53

Centipedes (carnivores) - 1 pair of legs per segment

Milipedes (scavegers/herbivores) - 2 pairs of legs per segment

Question 54

Wings most likely evolved from ____

Answer 54

gills

Question 55

How are wings ecologically successful?

Answer 55

escape, distribution, new frontiers