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Bio 20 AP > Ecosystems and Diversity Chap. 3 > Flashcards

Ecosystems and Diversity Chap. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a species

A

Individuals of the same species are those that can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a specific time

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3
Q

What are population ecologists?

A

They describe the changes in the size of a population over time and factors that affect a population.

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4
Q

What is a community?

A

Composed of many individuals of many different populations.

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5
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

Includes both various populations in an area as well as the abiotic factors that surround and affect those populations.

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6
Q

Most communites are in a state of change, thus they are said to be:

A

Dynamic

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7
Q

What determines what organisms can live in an environment?

A

Abiotic factors - Changing abiotic conditions can also influence a change in the number of one organisms, which then changes the number of a second and so on

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8
Q

What are some different types of interactions between two species?

A
  1. Competition
  2. Predator-Prey
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9
Q

When all ecosystems are put together they comprise the:

A

Biosphpere

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10
Q

Is life on Earth evenly distributed?

A

No - regions near and on the equator has more life

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11
Q

How much variation can a species manage?

A

They can withstand a certain amount of variation but within an optimal range,

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12
Q

What is climate?

A

The average weather conditions (temp and rainfall) of a particular region over a period of time more than 30 years

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13
Q

How does the unequal heating of the earth occur?

A

The sun’s light reaches the equator most directly and intensely, whereas the poles receive more diffuse sunlight. This sets up major climate zones to tropics near the equator, through temperate zones, to old regions at the poles. It also produces global air and water movements together with geography patterns of rainfall.

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14
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large geographical area with a characteristic comate and Biota (plant and animal life of a particular region)

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15
Q

What determines how terrestrial biomes are plotted?

A

Mean annual temperature and precipitation

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16
Q

What is the range of temprature dtermined by?

A

Latitude

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17
Q

What abiotic factors influence the tyoe and abundance of organsims that can live within a certain biome?

A

Soil, Topogrpahy, altitiude, latitude, temprature

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18
Q

An increase in altitude produces the same effect of what?

A

Increase in latitude

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19
Q

As temprature and average rainfall increases in a biome so does what?

A

Terrestrial life

20
Q

What is an ecotone?

A

The gradual transition in plants and animals between biomes

21
Q

Are biomes just on land?

A

No - aquatic biomes also exist including in lakes, rivers, estuaries, coral reefs, etc

22
Q

What is a habitat?

A

A place or area within a biome or ecosystem that has a particular set of biotic and abiotic characteristics.

23
Q

What allows certain organisms to live in particular habitats?

A

Unique adaptations that allow it to cope with local abiotic factors.

24
Q

What are the 5 terrestrial biomes?

A

Tundra, Taiga, Deciduous forest, Tropical forest, Desert

25
Q

What abiotic factors affect ecosystems?

A

Soil, Water, Humidity, Temperature, and sunlight

26
Q

What are the five levels of a forest ecosystem?

A

Above Canopy
Canopy
Midsotry
Understory
Ground Cover

27
Q

What are the 5 levels of a soil ecosystem

A

Organic Matter
Topsoil
Subsoil
Parent Material
Bedrock

28
Q

What type of ecosystem is most diverse?

A

Aquatic ecosystems

29
Q

What abiotic factors affect aquatic ecosystems?

A

Temperature, Ph, sunlight, Nutrients, Dissolved Gases

30
Q

What are the four levels of an aquatic ecosystem?

A

Littoral Zone - along the edge of the lake (lots of light)
Limnetic zone - From the surface down to where no light can penetrate (floating photosynthetic organisms can live here)
Profondal zone - Exists at bottom of lake (no light)
Bethnic zone - absolute bottom

31
Q

What is an ecological niche?

A

Is the role that a populations members play in a ecosystem includes what it eats, does, where it lives

32
Q

Can two species occuoy the same niche?

A

No competition will arise forcing one out

33
Q

What is a species range?

A

The geographical area where the organism is found

34
Q

What is a species range limited by?

A

Habitat requirments

35
Q

Does a species live throughout its range?

A

No, a species lives within a habitat within its range

36
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species that has a disproportionally larger effect on its environment relative to abundance

37
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of organisms found within an area

38
Q

What are the biotic limiting factors?

A
  1. Predation
  2. Competition
  3. Parasites
39
Q

What is competition

A

Competition for resources. Both intra(between members of the same population - limits growth) and inter (between two species - one will lose and die)

40
Q

What are predatores?

A

Organisms that hunt and feed upon a second for nourishment.

41
Q

What is a parasite?

A

An organism that gets its nourishment from a “host”. Hurts but does not kill host

42
Q

What is an alien species?

A

A species living outside its native range which has arrived due to human activity

43
Q

What is an invasive species?

A

An alien species that has or can do harm (economically, environment or human)

44
Q

What are the two techniques used for smapling?

A

Transects and quadrents

45
Q

What are transects

A

Long rectangular areas used to measure mobile organisms

46
Q

What are quadrents

A

Identical-sized areas are used to measure immobile organisms.

Bio 20 AP (11 decks)

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