Blood and Immunity Pt2. Flashcards
Mneomic device for different WBC’s
Never (Neutrophils)Let(Lymphocytes) Monkeys (Monocytes) Eat (Esoinphils) Bannanas (Basophils)
What is the purpose of the Neutrophil? What stage does it show up in?
Act as the first responder - engulf and destroy pathogens. Second line of defence (innate)
What is a lymphocyte? What stage are the located in?
A subcategory of agranulocyte for B cells, T cells, and NK cells. Specific Immune response.
What is a monocyte? What stage is it a part of?
Differentiate into macrophages (WBC that eats intruders and displays broken down parts to help organize response), which are involved in antigen presentation and phagocytosis—inate and adaptive reactions.
What is an eosinophil?
Important for allergic reactions. Combat parasites.
What is a basophil?
WBC that releases histamines during allergic reactions and inflamation.
What is the first line of defense?
Physical: Skin, Mucus, Cillia, Acid stop pathogens.
What is the second line of defense?
Damaged cells release Histamines - which causes capillaries to become leaky. WBCs pass through the pores of capillaries and seek pathogens eating them by Phagocytosis. The main WBCs involved are granulocytes like Neutrophils. Monocytes become enlarged macrophages.
What is the third line of defense?
Specific: The body recognizes antigens on pathognes. Antibodies bind to antigens allowing granulocytes to ‘eat’ pathogens.
What are antibodies?
Y-shaped proteins that bind to antigens of pathogens - neutralizing them
What are the two lymphocytes?
T cells and B cell
What are antigens?
Proteins are used for identification on the surface of cells, like a fingerprint.
What is the antigen-antibody complex?
Antibodies link to antigens. Makes invaders easier to engulf.
What are the steps in the adaptive immune response?
- Helper t cells recognize foreign antigens and send out chemical messengers.
- Messengers cause B cells to clone themselves. Some form large plasma cells to make antibodies (factory) some form memory cells.
- Helper T cells active NK cells which puncture membranes of foreign cells (if the pathogen is a virus and infects the host cell the NK detects antigen change and kills it)
- Antibodies released by plasma cells bind to antigens and mark them for phagocytosis by macrophages.
- Once the battle is over suppressor T cells signal the immune system to shut down.
What is the point of memory B cells?
Hold info about shape of foreign antigen so we can produce antibodies quicker if invader comes back.
What antigen does type A blood have, what antibody in blood?
Antigen - A
Antibody - B
What antigen does type b blood have, what antibody in blood?
Antigen - B
Antibody - A
What antigen does type AB blood have, what antibody in blood?
Antigen - AB
Antibody - None
What antigen does type O blood have, and what antibody in blood?
Antigen - None
Antibody - A and B
What is agglutination?
Clotting, antibodies cause agglutination when mixed with incompatible blood.
What is Rh+ factors?
Has an Rh antigen on RBC’s
What is RH- factor?
Doesn’t have Rh antigen on RBC
What is the universal donar?
O-
No antigen on RBC or Rh factor
What is universal recipent?
AB+
Doesnt have anti-body for A, B or Rh factor.
What is the lympahitc system?
A network of vessels and associated glands that extends througout the body.
What does the lympahtic system do?
Maintains balance of fluids in the body and help fight pathogens.
What does the lymphatic system collect?
A colourless liquid called lymph.
What is lymph made up of?
Interstitial fluid and plasma
What happens as blood passes through cappilaries?
Some plasma escapes and becomes a part of interstitial fluid.
What happens to the escaped intertrial fluid>
Absorbed by lymph vessles
What are the types of lymph vessles?
Lymph cappilaries - close-ended tubes where lymph collects
Lymph Vessels - Larger ducts with eventually enter into veins near the heart.
Lacteals - Specialised lymph capillaries in the intestinal villi carry digested fats throughout the body.
What are lymph nodes?
Intervals alng lymph vessles
What is the purpose of lymph vessels?
Filter Lymph
Provide Lymphocytes
Play a role in immunity
How does lymph move around the body?
No pump
Relies on outside forces - action of muscles
What matures in lymph nodes
WBC - Lymphocytes
What else does lymph nodes contain?
Bacteria eating macropahes
What happens to lymph nodes when you are ill?
Swell - Producing maturing more WBC’s to fight infections.
What is the spleens role?
Destruction, production, storage and filtration of blood
Production of lymphocytes
What is the Thymus Gland Role?
Produces lymphocytes and antiobodies
What is the role of tonsils?
Lymphatic tissue in a protective ring around the entrance to the esophagus and respiratory tract.
What is ECF
Cells are bathed in ECF
Materials exchanged b/w capillaries and cells must pass through this fluid
What two forces are in charge of movment of water?
Osmatic pressure
Blood pressure
What is outward motion called?
Filtration
What is inward motion called?
Absorption
What is edema?
Build-up of fluid in ECF
Caused by lack of proteins
Inflamation
