basic biochem

Question 1

What is the test for Carbs

Answer 1

Benedicts (reducing sugars - monosaccharides) from blue to red (must be heated)
Starch - Detect the presence of complex carbohydrates if positive iodine creates blue-black

Question 2

What is an isomer?

Answer 2

Same chimcal formula diffrent structure - Glucose, Fructose

Question 3

What are disaccarides?

Answer 3

Formed from two monosaccharides joining into one, sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose

Question 4

What is a polysaccaride?

Answer 4

Formed from many sugar molecules bonded together.

Question 5

What is starch?

Answer 5

Main stroage molecules in plants

Question 6

What is glycogen?

Answer 6

Main storage molecules in animals. The liver produces glycogen (long forms of glucose)

Question 7

What is cellulose?

Answer 7

Structural polysaccharides are made of beta glucose.

Question 8

What are lipids?

Answer 8

A group of organic substances insoluble in water - energy storage molecules like oil/fat

Question 9

What is a fat molecule consisted of?

Answer 9

3 molecules of fatty acid and one glycerol molecule (triglyceride) formed by dehydration synthesis.

Question 10

What makes a fatty acid saturated?

Answer 10

No double bonds

Question 11

What makes a fatty acid unsaturated?

Answer 11

one or more double bonds

Question 12

What is a test for lipids?

Answer 12

Sudan 6 test - lipids dissolve in Sudan 6 indicator turning it from a black to red
Translucence test - lipids cause unglazed brown paper to become translucent

Question 13

Why is choletral important?

Where is it produced

Answer 13

Made in liver
Needed to make cell membranes, insulate nerves, some hormones - a type of steroid

Question 14

What are proteins?

Answer 14

Polymers of amino acids

Question 15

How many amino acids?

Answer 15

20 found in all living tings. All have an amine group and a carboxyl group bonded to a central carbon

Question 16

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 16

Cannot be made by the body and must be consumed in diet - 9 in total

Question 17

How are peptides bonded?

Answer 17

Dehydration synthesis reactions occur when an amine group of one A.A is joined to carboxyl group of another

Question 18

What is a long chain of amino acids called?

Answer 18

Polypeptide - linear sequences of a.a. is called a primary structure

Question 19

What are three ways proteins are broken down>

Answer 19

Hydrolysis - enzymes are used to split peptide bonds, requires addition of water
Denaturation - Changes in pH may destory tertialt structure of a proteins. If this change is permanent its said to have coagulated
Deamination - removal of an amine group by the liver in order to convert a.a. to sugar or lipids since we aare unable to store a.a.

Question 20

What is a test for proteins?

Answer 20

Biuret - Positive = purple

Question 21

What is nucleic acid?

Answer 21

Building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 22

What are enzymes

Answer 22

Natural catalysts that provide activation energy for breakdown of molecule that it fits

Question 23

What is an active site?

Answer 23

Part of enzyme that binds to substrate.

Question 24

What is a substrate?

Answer 24

Molecule being broken apart by enzymes

Question 25

What is a cofactor

Answer 25

An inorganic substances that help enzymes work correctly

Question 26

What is a co-enzyme?

Answer 26

Organic molecule usually made from vitamins

Question 27

What is a vitamin>

Answer 27

Organic compounds that an organism needs to function and not an energy source/

Question 28

What is a mineral?

Answer 28

Inorganic substances needed to survive

Question 29

What is allosteric activity

Answer 29

The change in an enzyme is caused by the binding of a molecule. May prevent or promote enzyme activity.

Question 30

What are factors that effect enzymes

Answer 30

Temperature - as increases temperature so does the rate of reaction until a certain point pH - Each metabolic reaction has an optimum range that is best for reactions 3. Substrate reactions - greater concentration, higher rate 4. Inhibitors - Inhibotrs are molecules that attach to enzymes and reduce their ability to bind to the substrate

Question 31

What is a competitve inhibitor?

Answer 31

Attach to active site of enzyme blocking substrate ]

Question 32

What are non-competitve inhibitors?

Answer 32

Attach elsewhere to enzyme changing shape of active site preventing binding of substrate.