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ECOLOGY LECT > Ecosystem Ecology > Flashcards

Ecosystem Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

A large area characterized by its vegetation, soil, climate, and wildlife

A

Biome

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2
Q

5 Major types of Biomes

A

Aquatic, Grassland, Forest, Desert, Tundra

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3
Q

Bodies of water surrounded by land - such as ponds, rivers, and lakes - that have a salt content of less than one percent

A

Freshwater biomes

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4
Q

Is the study of inland waters

A

Limnology

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5
Q

Bodies of water discussed in Limnology (6)

A

Lakes
Reservoirs
Rivers
Streams
Wetlands
Groundwater

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6
Q

Integrates the functional relationships of Growth Adaptation, Nutrient Cycles, and Biological productivity with species composition

Evaluates how Physical, Chemical, and Biological Environments

A

Limnological discipline

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7
Q

Limnology word derived from (2)

A

Limne - marsh, pond
Limnaea - marsh

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8
Q

The study of the structure, function, and change of organisms in fresh waters as affected by their dynamic physical, chemical, and biotic environments

A

Freshwater ecology

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9
Q

Freshwater includes (7)

A

Lakes
Ponds
Rivers
Streams
Springs
Bogs
Wetlands

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10
Q

Freshwater classified by different factors: (4)

A

Temperature
Light penetration
Nutrients
Vegetation

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11
Q

Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into (2)

A

Lentic (still)
Lotic (flowing)

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12
Q

Freshwater ecosystems are also known as ____
which play an important role in MITIGATION against CLIMATE VARIABILITY

A

Vegetated wetlands

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13
Q

Mitigation against climate variability by vegetated wetlands (4)

A

Flood control
Water purification
Shoreline stabilization
Sequestration of carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Deepest lake in the philippines

A

Lake mainit

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15
Q

Largest lake in the philippines

A

Lake Laguna

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16
Q

Largest lake in mindanao

A

Lake Lanao

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17
Q

Supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life

A

Marine environment/Marine ecosystem

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18
Q

Examples of Marine Biomes (3)

A

Ocean, Coral reefs, Estuaries

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19
Q

Habitats that support marine life

A

Marine habitats

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20
Q

Depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea

A

Marine life

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21
Q

The term marine comes from what word?

A

Mare - sea or ocean, latin

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22
Q

Types of marine habitats (2)

A

Coastal
Open Ocean

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23
Q

Area that extends as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf

Most marine life are found here despite being seven percent of ocean area

A

Coastal habitat

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24
Q

Found in the deep ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf

A

Open ocean habitats

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25
Q

Marine ecosystem inclusions (18)

A

Ocean acidification, seabirds
Estuaries

Darm land run off, Crabs, Red cod, Dolphins, Commercial fishing

Bivalve molluscs, Cockles, Arrow squid, Phytoplankton, Fish

Swaweed, Bacteria, Seastars, Zooplankton, Byrozoans

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26
Q

Mangrove ecosystem inclusions (17)

A

White ibis, Black Mangrove

Red mangrove

Mangrove crab, Barnacles, Great Blue Heron

Tunicate, Pinfish, Algae, Silver Jenny

Cushion Sea Star, Common Snook, Orange Sponge, Detritus, Oysters, Grass Shrimp, Hermit crab

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27
Q

Benefits people derive from mangroves- Ecosystem Services (8)

A

Wood
Livelihoods
Mangrove ecosystem services
Climate Regulation
Fisheries
Tourism
Water filtration
Coastal protection

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28
Q

A transitional area of vegetation between two different plant commuties

A

Ecotone

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29
Q

Support thousands of marine species, store carbon, improve water quality, protect coastlines, cycle nutrients and create habitat corridors between coral reefs and mangroves

A

Seagrass

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30
Q

Seagrass services (10)

A

Biodiversity
Food
Oxygen
Water quality
Habitat corridors
Nutrient Cycling
Carbon Storage
Climate Resilience
Livelihoods
Shelter

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31
Q

Coral reef ecosystem services (5)

A

Tourism & Recreation
Medicine
Food & Fishing
Coastal Protection
Coral Reefs

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32
Q

2-5 hectares of mangroves may treat the effluents of

A

1 hectare of aquaculture

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33
Q

Mangroves support ___ people

A

120 million people

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34
Q

The density of mangrove wood makes it a source for ___.

A

Timber and Fuel

35
Q

Restoring mangroves for coastal defence are _ times more effective than ___ such as ___

A

5, grey infrastructure, breakwaters

36
Q

There are over ___ mangrove related attractions globally

A

2000

37
Q

More than ___ fish species are found in mangrove ecosystems

A

3000

38
Q

Mangroves produce up to ___ per year

A

$800 billion USD per year

39
Q

Carbon storage potential of mangroves is ___ higher than that of ___ due to strong carbon storage in the soil

A

3-5x, tropical upland forest

40
Q

More than half of all new cancer drug research is focusing on ___

A

marine organisms

41
Q

Some countries derive more than half of their gross national product from ___

A

coral reef industries

42
Q

Coral reefs provide protein for ___ people

A

1 billion

43
Q

Coral reefs provide nearly ___ a year to millions of people

A

$400 billion

44
Q

___ act as natural wave barriers that protect coastal communities and beaches from storm damage.

A

Coastal Protection

45
Q

Coral reefs are created by many tiny animals called ___ which are built up through their ___

A

coral polyps, limestone sskeletons

46
Q

The ___ supports the world’s highest level of marine biodiversity

A

Complex reef habitat

47
Q

___ acts as homes and nurseries for 25% of all marine life

A

Coral Reef

48
Q

Underwater plateau

A

Benham Rise

49
Q

A partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it with a free connection to the open sea

Form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments known as ecotone

Incredibly dynamic systems, where temperature, salinity, turbidity, depth and flow all change daily in response to the tides

Provide critical habitat for species that rely on it for life-cycle completion

A

Estuary

50
Q

Marine influences on Estuaries (3)

A

Tides
Waves
Influx of Saline Water

51
Q

Riverine influences (2)

A

flows of freshwater
flows of sediment

52
Q

Mixing of seawater and freshwater provides ___, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats

A

high levels of nutrients

53
Q

___ are known to lay their eggs in estuaries and bays

A

Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii)

54
Q

___ give birth in estuaries
___ and ___ migrate to estuaties to rear
___ and ___ use estuaries as migration corridors

A

surfperch
Juvenile flatfish and rockfish
Anadromous salmonids and Lampreys

55
Q

A habitat that is found predominantly on land

Spread out across a large range of environments

Semi-natural or man-made habitats such as national parks or biosphere reserve are also included

A

Terrestrial habitat

56
Q

Example of Terrestrial Habitat (7)

A

Caves
Deserts
Farms
Forests
Grasslands
Shorelines
Wetlands

57
Q

Four major types of terrestrial habitats

A

Forests
Deserts
Mountains
Grasslands

58
Q

Covers nearly 40 million square kilometeres of the Earth’s surface or 31% of total land surface

Essential for the existence of life on earth as a natural habitat for plants and animals

___ species of plants and animals live here

A

Forests
300 million

59
Q

Forest Ecosystem is divided into four different subgroups

A

Tropical Forest
Temperate Forest
Boreal Forest
Plant Forest

60
Q

Layers of a Rainforest

A

Emergent layer
Canopy Layer
Understory Layer
Forest floor

61
Q

___ have the highest species diversity.
Characteristic feature is humidity and excessive rainfall.
Usually located around the equater in South Africa, America, and Southeast Asia.

A

Tropical forests

62
Q

Similar to temperate forest but has harsher temperature.
Also known as ___ and is the largest land biome.
Coldest temperature ever recorded was -67 C

A

Boreal Forest, Taiga

63
Q

A town in Russia with recorded temperatures below -50 C

A

Verkhoyansk

64
Q

Forests that are cultivated for the purpose of commercialization
Only one or two species
Plants genetically altered for better resistance against diseases and commercial viability

A

Plantation forests

65
Q

Areas where the most dominant type of vegetation is grasses.
Home to a wide diversity of animal species

A

Grasslands

66
Q

Examples of animals in grasslands (8)

A

Elephants
Giraffes
Hyenas
Jackrabbits
Lions
Rhinos
Warthogs
Zebras

67
Q

Types of grasslands (2)

A

Tropical grasslands
Temperate grasslands

68
Q

Also known as Savanna
Characterized by a combination of widely spaced grassy fields and woodlands where sufficient light reaches the ground
30 to 50 inches of rain a year

A

Tropical Grasslands

69
Q

Has warm summers followed by cold winters
30 to 35 inches of rain a year
Characterized by grasslands with tall grasses(___) or short grasses(___)

A

Temperate grassland
Prairies, Steppes

70
Q

Examples of major grasslands (2)

A

Great plains of the midwest
Palouse Prairie

71
Q

Biomes that receive less than 10 inches of rainfall annually
Animals adapt to heat by burrowing or living in caves
Some develop a nocturnal lifestyle

A

Desert

72
Q

Regarded as a desert as annual precipitation is less than 2 inches

A

Antarctica

73
Q

ECommon terrestrial animals in desert habitats (5)

A

antelopes
camels
fox
gazelles
goats

74
Q

Endangered species in desert (6)

A

Cheetah
African wild dogs
Lizards
Hyrax
North African ostrich
Desert crocodiles

75
Q

Effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation

A

Coriolis effect

76
Q

Coriolis effect parts (3)

A
  1. Moist warm air blows onshore
  2. As air rises over mountains, it cools, causing moisture to condense and fall as precipitation
  3. Dry air decends & warms, promoting evaporation
77
Q

Largest subtropical desert

A

Sahara

78
Q

Largest desert

A

Antarctic

79
Q

One of the big four deserts in North America

A

The Great Basin

80
Q

Large landforms that rise above the surrounding surface.

Have colder climates due to high elevations.

Plants and animals residing in these regions have special adaptations that cope up with the environment

A

Mountains

81
Q

Mountain fauna (7)

A

Antelope
Bighorn sheep
Mountain goats
Mountain Lions
Brown bear
Black Bear
Grizzly bear

82
Q

Mount everest height

A

8848 . 86 m

83
Q

Mount Apo height

A

2954 m

ECOLOGY LECT (12 decks)

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