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ECOLOGY LECT > Ecosystem Ecology > Flashcards

Ecosystem Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

A large area characterized by its vegetation, soil, climate, and wildlife

A

Biome

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2
Q

5 Major types of Biomes

A

Aquatic, Grassland, Forest, Desert, Tundra

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3
Q

Bodies of water surrounded by land - such as ponds, rivers, and lakes - that have a salt content of less than one percent

A

Freshwater biomes

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4
Q

Is the study of inland waters

A

Limnology

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5
Q

Bodies of water discussed in Limnology (6)

A

Lakes
Reservoirs
Rivers
Streams
Wetlands
Groundwater

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6
Q

Integrates the functional relationships of Growth Adaptation, Nutrient Cycles, and Biological productivity with species composition

Evaluates how Physical, Chemical, and Biological Environments

A

Limnological discipline

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7
Q

Limnology word derived from (2)

A

Limne - marsh, pond
Limnaea - marsh

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8
Q

The study of the structure, function, and change of organisms in fresh waters as affected by their dynamic physical, chemical, and biotic environments

A

Freshwater ecology

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9
Q

Freshwater includes (7)

A

Lakes
Ponds
Rivers
Streams
Springs
Bogs
Wetlands

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10
Q

Freshwater classified by different factors: (4)

A

Temperature
Light penetration
Nutrients
Vegetation

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11
Q

Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into (2)

A

Lentic (still)
Lotic (flowing)

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12
Q

Freshwater ecosystems are also known as ____
which play an important role in MITIGATION against CLIMATE VARIABILITY

A

Vegetated wetlands

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13
Q

Mitigation against climate variability by vegetated wetlands (4)

A

Flood control
Water purification
Shoreline stabilization
Sequestration of carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Deepest lake in the philippines

A

Lake mainit

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15
Q

Largest lake in the philippines

A

Lake Laguna

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16
Q

Largest lake in mindanao

A

Lake Lanao

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17
Q

Supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life

A

Marine environment/Marine ecosystem

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18
Q

Examples of Marine Biomes (3)

A

Ocean, Coral reefs, Estuaries

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19
Q

Habitats that support marine life

A

Marine habitats

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20
Q

Depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea

A

Marine life

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21
Q

The term marine comes from what word?

A

Mare - sea or ocean, latin

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22
Q

Types of marine habitats (2)

A

Coastal
Open Ocean

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23
Q

Area that extends as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf

Most marine life are found here despite being seven percent of ocean area

A

Coastal habitat

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24
Q

Found in the deep ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf

A

Open ocean habitats

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25
Marine ecosystem inclusions (18)
Ocean acidification, seabirds Estuaries Darm land run off, Crabs, Red cod, Dolphins, Commercial fishing Bivalve molluscs, Cockles, Arrow squid, Phytoplankton, Fish Swaweed, Bacteria, Seastars, Zooplankton, Byrozoans
26
Mangrove ecosystem inclusions (17)
White ibis, Black Mangrove Red mangrove Mangrove crab, Barnacles, Great Blue Heron Tunicate, Pinfish, Algae, Silver Jenny Cushion Sea Star, Common Snook, Orange Sponge, Detritus, Oysters, Grass Shrimp, Hermit crab
27
Benefits people derive from mangroves- Ecosystem Services (8)
Wood Livelihoods Mangrove ecosystem services Climate Regulation Fisheries Tourism Water filtration Coastal protection
28
A transitional area of vegetation between two different plant commuties
Ecotone
29
Support thousands of marine species, store carbon, improve water quality, protect coastlines, cycle nutrients and create habitat corridors between coral reefs and mangroves
Seagrass
30
Seagrass services (10)
Biodiversity Food Oxygen Water quality Habitat corridors Nutrient Cycling Carbon Storage Climate Resilience Livelihoods Shelter
31
Coral reef ecosystem services (5)
Tourism & Recreation Medicine Food & Fishing Coastal Protection Coral Reefs
32
2-5 hectares of mangroves may treat the effluents of
1 hectare of aquaculture
33
Mangroves support ___ people
120 million people
34
The density of mangrove wood makes it a source for ___.
Timber and Fuel
35
Restoring mangroves for coastal defence are _ times more effective than ___ such as ___
5, grey infrastructure, breakwaters
36
There are over ___ mangrove related attractions globally
2000
37
More than ___ fish species are found in mangrove ecosystems
3000
38
Mangroves produce up to ___ per year
$800 billion USD per year
39
Carbon storage potential of mangroves is ___ higher than that of ___ due to strong carbon storage in the soil
3-5x, tropical upland forest
40
More than half of all new cancer drug research is focusing on ___
marine organisms
41
Some countries derive more than half of their gross national product from ___
coral reef industries
42
Coral reefs provide protein for ___ people
1 billion
43
Coral reefs provide nearly ___ a year to millions of people
$400 billion
44
___ act as natural wave barriers that protect coastal communities and beaches from storm damage.
Coastal Protection
45
Coral reefs are created by many tiny animals called ___ which are built up through their ___
coral polyps, limestone sskeletons
46
The ___ supports the world's highest level of marine biodiversity
Complex reef habitat
47
___ acts as homes and nurseries for 25% of all marine life
Coral Reef
48
Underwater plateau
Benham Rise
49
A partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it with a free connection to the open sea Form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments known as ecotone Incredibly dynamic systems, where temperature, salinity, turbidity, depth and flow all change daily in response to the tides Provide critical habitat for species that rely on it for life-cycle completion
Estuary
50
Marine influences on Estuaries (3)
Tides Waves Influx of Saline Water
51
Riverine influences (2)
flows of freshwater flows of sediment
52
Mixing of seawater and freshwater provides ___, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats
high levels of nutrients
53
___ are known to lay their eggs in estuaries and bays
Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii)
54
___ give birth in estuaries ___ and ___ migrate to estuaties to rear ___ and ___ use estuaries as migration corridors
surfperch Juvenile flatfish and rockfish Anadromous salmonids and Lampreys
55
A habitat that is found predominantly on land Spread out across a large range of environments Semi-natural or man-made habitats such as national parks or biosphere reserve are also included
Terrestrial habitat
56
Example of Terrestrial Habitat (7)
Caves Deserts Farms Forests Grasslands Shorelines Wetlands
57
Four major types of terrestrial habitats
Forests Deserts Mountains Grasslands
58
Covers nearly 40 million square kilometeres of the Earth's surface or 31% of total land surface Essential for the existence of life on earth as a natural habitat for plants and animals ___ species of plants and animals live here
Forests 300 million
59
Forest Ecosystem is divided into four different subgroups
Tropical Forest Temperate Forest Boreal Forest Plant Forest
60
Layers of a Rainforest
Emergent layer Canopy Layer Understory Layer Forest floor
61
___ have the highest species diversity. Characteristic feature is humidity and excessive rainfall. Usually located around the equater in South Africa, America, and Southeast Asia.
Tropical forests
62
Similar to temperate forest but has harsher temperature. Also known as ___ and is the largest land biome. Coldest temperature ever recorded was -67 C
Boreal Forest, Taiga
63
A town in Russia with recorded temperatures below -50 C
Verkhoyansk
64
Forests that are cultivated for the purpose of commercialization Only one or two species Plants genetically altered for better resistance against diseases and commercial viability
Plantation forests
65
Areas where the most dominant type of vegetation is grasses. Home to a wide diversity of animal species
Grasslands
66
Examples of animals in grasslands (8)
Elephants Giraffes Hyenas Jackrabbits Lions Rhinos Warthogs Zebras
67
Types of grasslands (2)
Tropical grasslands Temperate grasslands
68
Also known as Savanna Characterized by a combination of widely spaced grassy fields and woodlands where sufficient light reaches the ground 30 to 50 inches of rain a year
Tropical Grasslands
69
Has warm summers followed by cold winters 30 to 35 inches of rain a year Characterized by grasslands with tall grasses(___) or short grasses(___)
Temperate grassland Prairies, Steppes
70
Examples of major grasslands (2)
Great plains of the midwest Palouse Prairie
71
Biomes that receive less than 10 inches of rainfall annually Animals adapt to heat by burrowing or living in caves Some develop a nocturnal lifestyle
Desert
72
Regarded as a desert as annual precipitation is less than 2 inches
Antarctica
73
ECommon terrestrial animals in desert habitats (5)
antelopes camels fox gazelles goats
74
Endangered species in desert (6)
Cheetah African wild dogs Lizards Hyrax North African ostrich Desert crocodiles
75
Effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation
Coriolis effect
76
Coriolis effect parts (3)
1. Moist warm air blows onshore 2. As air rises over mountains, it cools, causing moisture to condense and fall as precipitation 3. Dry air decends & warms, promoting evaporation
77
Largest subtropical desert
Sahara
78
Largest desert
Antarctic
79
One of the big four deserts in North America
The Great Basin
80
Large landforms that rise above the surrounding surface. Have colder climates due to high elevations. Plants and animals residing in these regions have special adaptations that cope up with the environment
Mountains
81
Mountain fauna (7)
Antelope Bighorn sheep Mountain goats Mountain Lions Brown bear Black Bear Grizzly bear
82
Mount everest height
8848 . 86 m
83
Mount Apo height
2954 m

ECOLOGY LECT (12 decks)

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