ECOLOGY and EVOLUTION

Question 1

The process by which all of the living organism on the Earth changed over time from their early ancestor species

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

The study of the relationships between organisms and the living and nonliving parts of the environment

Answer 2

Ecology

Question 3

Ways Ecology can influence evolution

Answer 3

Evolution to MAINTAIN A RELATIONSHIP with another species - Cheetahs and gazelles

Evolution due to changing ENVIRONMENT: Environments change, and thus in order to keep up, species need to evolve

Question 4

A field within both ecology and evolution that examines how interactions between and within species evolve

the evolutionary effects of competitors, mutualists, predators, prey and pathogens

Answer 4

Evolutionary Ecology

Question 5

Parts to Evolutionary Ecology (3)

Answer 5

Disturbance
(Natural or Human Induced)

Ecology
(Dynamics & Community Interactions)

Evolution
(Rapid Evolution & Domestication)

Question 6

Ecological factors that will encourage natural selection to favor certain individuals in a population (4)

Answer 6

Physiological stress
-inappropriate levels of a critical environmental factor. (The ability to store water, fat, resist harsh conditions)

Predation
-An organism is hunted and killed by another
(Camouflage, protective coverings, venom, flight, mimicry and speed)

Competition
- the result of other organisms attempting to use same resources (Also includes a competition for a mate)

Sexual Selection
- occurs when the female responds to specific behaviors or physical traits
(Mating rituals and colorful displays)

Question 7

When a population splits and become two different species

Answer 7

Divergent speciation

Question 8

Can occur when natural selection favors unrelated organisms to evolve to look similar

Answer 8

Convergent speciation

Question 9

A result of evolution on an ecosystem

the number of different species within an ecosystem or area

Answer 9

Biodiversity

Question 10

Identified and estimated number of species

Answer 10

1.5 million

8.7 exist

Question 11

How quickly populations grow and the maximum size they attain are a result of what?

Answer 11

Interactions with other populaations of orgaanisms

Question 12

Basic community interactions (2)

Answer 12

Predator-prey
-one organism consumes the other

Competition
-organisms and populations compete for resources

Question 13

Competition that occurs within members of the same species

Answer 13

Intraspecific

Question 14

Competition occurs between different species

Answer 14

Interspecific

Question 15

Examples of adaptations to avoid directly competing with own species (3)

Answer 15

Plants send seeds far away to avoid sharing same soil

Wolves mark and occupy territory for a hunting area

Adult monarch butterflies and the caterpillars use a different part of plants

Question 16

Symbiosis types (3)

Answer 16

Mutualism - relationship benefits both organisms

Commensalism - organism benefits while other unaffected

Parasitism - organism benefits at expense of the other