Ecology Test Flashcards

1
Q

in ecosystems where there is no sun, how does the ecosystem get energy?

A

bacteria break down inorganic molecules to get the energy-

chemosynthesis

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2
Q

how much percent of the organisms life energy will be passed on to whatever organism consumes it?

A

10%

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3
Q

what is a straight path in which energy (as food) that is passed through an ecosystem?

A

food chain

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4
Q

what do you call an organism that eats small broken down particles of dead animals and plants known as detritus?

A

detritivores

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5
Q

what is the biological process?

A

eating, breathing, ect.

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6
Q

what are geological processes?

A

volcanoes, rock erosion, ect.

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7
Q

what are chemical and physical processes?

A

cloud formation, water dissolving, lightning, ect.

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8
Q

how do humans interfere the carbon cycle?

A

burning fossil fuels, burning wood, cutting down forests, ect

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9
Q

how do humans interfere the nitrogen cycle?

A

over application of fertilizer causing algae blooms= die and rot. Eutrophication

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10
Q

what cycle has no atmosphere component?

A

Phosphorus Cycle

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11
Q

what is the over application of fertilizers?

A

eutrophication

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12
Q

what do you call members of the same species trying to use the same resource?

A

intraspecific

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13
Q

what do you call members of different species trying to use the same resource?

A

interspecific

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14
Q

what does the competitive exclusion principle state?

A

no two species shall occupy the same niche at the same time in the same location

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15
Q

what are the four relationships between organisms?

A

competition
predation
keystone species
symbiosis

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16
Q

what are three examples of symbiosis?

A

mutualism
parasitism
commensalism

17
Q

what is a relationship where both organisms benefit from the relationship? (++)

18
Q

what is a relationship where one benefits and one is harmed? (+-)

A

parasitism

19
Q

what is a relationship where one benefits and the other is neutral (not harmed nor helped)

A

commensalism

20
Q

what may cause primary succession?

A

volcanic lava flow

21
Q

what do you call an ecosystem that must start on the surface without soil?

A

primary succession

22
Q

what do you call an ecosystem that starts on a surface where soil does exist?

A

secondary succession

23
Q

what may cause secondary succession to occur?

A

forest fire, hurricane, flood, ect

24
Q

what four ways can you describe populations by?

A

geographic range
density
growth rate
age structure

25
what is the number of males/females of various ages?
age structures
26
what four ways may a population be affected?
birth rate death rate immigration emigration
27
under ideal conditions (with unlimited resources), what letter shape will the population curve look like?
a J curve
28
what is the normal growth pattern for a population size?
an S curve
29
what do you call something controls the growth and size of a population
limiting factor
30
what is an example of density independent factors?
forest fires
31
what is the order of the environmental levels of organization?
``` species population community ecosystem biome biosphere ```
32
what is a way to remember the environmental levels of organization? (SPCEBB)
``` Some People Can't Even Busta' Ball ```
33
what are small aquatic heterotrophs?
Zooplankton