Chapter 11

Question 1

Branch of biology that studies heredity

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Specific characteristics

Answer 2

Traits

Question 3

Produced by crossing parents with different alleles

Answer 3

Hybrid

Question 4

Factor that controls traits

Answer 4

genes

Question 5

form of gene (flavor)

Answer 5

allele

Question 6

reproductive cell

Answer 6

gamete (mete= mate ;-))))))) )

Question 7

likelihood that something will happen

Answer 7

probability

Question 8

diagram showing possible gene combinations

Answer 8

Punnett square (more like PUNnett square amiright?)

Question 9

containing a single set of chromosomes (in cell)

Answer 9

haploid (hap= half= half a pair of chromosomes)

Question 10

process of reductive division

Answer 10

meiosis

Question 11

Organisms that self-pollinate, produce offspring identical to themselves are called

Answer 11

true breeding

Question 12

physical appearance of an organism (or trait)

Answer 12

phenotype

Question 13

genes that segregate independently do not influence each others inheritance, (separation of alleles)

Answer 13

segregation

Question 14

result in the exchange of alleles and produce a new combination of alleles

Answer 14

crossing over

Question 15

the genetic makeup of an organism (or trait)

Answer 15

genotype

Question 16

what is the separation of alleles?

Answer 16

segregation

Question 17

genes that can have more than two alleles have what?

Answer 17

multiple alleles

Question 18

what does mendels principle of dominance state?

Answer 18

some alleles are dominate and other are recessive

recessive allele is exhibited only when the dominate allele is not present

Question 19

why are peas good to use while studying hereditary?

Answer 19

grow quickly
lots of offspring
you can control pollination

Question 20

Genes that have more then two alleles have

Answer 20

multiple alleles

Question 21

traits controlled by two or more genes

Answer 21

Polygenic traits

Question 22

One allele is not completely dominant over another (blend together)

Answer 22

incomplete dominance

Question 23

phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed (dots or stripes) (same strength, don’t blend)

Answer 23

codominance (co= together= both shown)

Question 24

cell that has two sets (a pair) of chromosomes

Answer 24

diploid (di= two= pair)

Question 25

there are four chromatids in a

Answer 25

tetrad (tetra=4)

Question 26

shows relative location of each known gene in an organism

Answer 26

gene map

Question 27

principle of dominance

Answer 27

for a trait to show the dominant phenotype it can have one or both dominate alleles (Aa or AA)
for it to be recessive it must have both recessive alleles (aa)

Question 28

Homozygous genotype

Answer 28

same alleles for one gene/ trait, identical alleles,

AA or aa

Question 29

Heterozygous genotype

Answer 29

will have two different alleles for same gene/ trait

Aa

Question 30

Homozygous phenotype

Answer 30

will have appearance of what ever two identical alleles appear, either dominate (AA) or recessive (aa) phenotype

Question 31

Heterozygous phenotype

Answer 31

will have appearance of dominate allele (Aa)

Question 32

where genes come from

Answer 32

parents

Question 33

while multiple alleles may exist in a population, an individual usually carries only

Answer 33

two alleles for each gene

Question 34

polygenic traits show a wide range of

Answer 34

phenotypes

Question 35

an organisms phenotype results from what two factors?

Answer 35

genotype (Aa) and environment (ex; temperature)

Question 36

what does meiosis produce

Answer 36

four haploid daughter cells, with a great variety of possible gene combinations, (23 chromosomes each)