Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of biology that studies heredity

A

Genetics

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2
Q

Specific characteristics

A

Traits

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3
Q

Produced by crossing parents with different alleles

A

Hybrid

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4
Q

Factor that controls traits

A

genes

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5
Q

form of gene (flavor)

A

allele

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6
Q

reproductive cell

A

gamete (mete= mate ;-))))))) )

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7
Q

likelihood that something will happen

A

probability

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8
Q

diagram showing possible gene combinations

A

Punnett square (more like PUNnett square amiright?)

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9
Q

containing a single set of chromosomes (in cell)

A

haploid (hap= half= half a pair of chromosomes)

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10
Q

process of reductive division

A

meiosis

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11
Q

Organisms that self-pollinate, produce offspring identical to themselves are called

A

true breeding

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12
Q

physical appearance of an organism (or trait)

A

phenotype

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13
Q

genes that segregate independently do not influence each others inheritance, (separation of alleles)

A

segregation

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14
Q

result in the exchange of alleles and produce a new combination of alleles

A

crossing over

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15
Q

the genetic makeup of an organism (or trait)

A

genotype

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16
Q

what is the separation of alleles?

A

segregation

17
Q

genes that can have more than two alleles have what?

A

multiple alleles

18
Q

what does mendels principle of dominance state?

A

some alleles are dominate and other are recessive

recessive allele is exhibited only when the dominate allele is not present

19
Q

why are peas good to use while studying hereditary?

A

grow quickly
lots of offspring
you can control pollination

20
Q

Genes that have more then two alleles have

A

multiple alleles

21
Q

traits controlled by two or more genes

A

Polygenic traits

22
Q

One allele is not completely dominant over another (blend together)

A

incomplete dominance

23
Q

phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed (dots or stripes) (same strength, don’t blend)

A

codominance (co= together= both shown)

24
Q

cell that has two sets (a pair) of chromosomes

A

diploid (di= two= pair)

25
there are four chromatids in a
tetrad (tetra=4)
26
shows relative location of each known gene in an organism
gene map
27
principle of dominance
for a trait to show the dominant phenotype it can have one or both dominate alleles (Aa or AA) for it to be recessive it must have both recessive alleles (aa)
28
Homozygous genotype
same alleles for one gene/ trait, identical alleles, | AA or aa
29
Heterozygous genotype
will have two different alleles for same gene/ trait | Aa
30
Homozygous phenotype
will have appearance of what ever two identical alleles appear, either dominate (AA) or recessive (aa) phenotype
31
Heterozygous phenotype
will have appearance of dominate allele (Aa)
32
where genes come from
parents
33
while multiple alleles may exist in a population, an individual usually carries only
two alleles for each gene
34
polygenic traits show a wide range of
phenotypes
35
an organisms phenotype results from what two factors?
genotype (Aa) and environment (ex; temperature)
36
what does meiosis produce
four haploid daughter cells, with a great variety of possible gene combinations, (23 chromosomes each)