chapter 15 Flashcards
only animals with desired characteristics breed to produce the next generation
selective breeding
what is crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms?
hybridization
a continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics is called what?
inbreeding
a plant with many sets of chromosomes is an example of what?
a polyploid organism
biologists change the DNA codes of a living organism through what?
genetic engineering
what cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides?
restriction enzyme
DNA fragments can be separated and analyzed by what?
gel electrophoresis
through the process of what, a gene from one organism can be combined with a gene from another organism?
recombinant DNA
what is used to make many copies of a single gene?
PCR
what is the small circular piece of DNA called in bacterium?
plasmid
a gene for antibiotic resistance may be used as what?
genetic marker
what is an organism called when it contains genes from another organism?
transgenic
what is a member of a population genetically identical cells produced from a single cell?
clone
what will cut a DNAsequence only is it matches the sequence precisely?
restriction enzyme
What method is used to make a transgenic organism?
Genetic engineering
What is a polyploid plant?
A plant that has extra sets of chromosomes since tetrads never separated
They’re heartier (?), prettier, and bear more produce
What is a change in the genetic make up/DNA of an organism by a technological process called?
Biotechnology
What is the restriction enzyme specifically called?
EcoR1
What is recombinant DNA?
Combining the DNA from one organism with the DNA of another.
i.e. Jellyfish+cat= glow in the dark cat
What separates DNA fragments by size and weight?
Electrophoresis
It’s a gell
What are plasmids only found in?
Bacteria
What is it called when something is the same forwards and backwards?
Palindrome
Faded af) (race car) (hannah
During cloning, what do they do to the egg from the foster mother?
Remove the nucleus
Only cytoplasm remains
Wha is it called to change DNA that is causing a disorder?
Gene therapy
Why is DNA fingerprinting done?
Find a persons mother/father/sibling/ect
Solve crimes (forensics)
Identify a body
What are radioactive of fluorescent-labeled RNA that are complimentary to the gene of interest is called what?
Probes
What is strands of DNA fragments arranged in a grid called?
DNA microarray
What is it called when you combine DNA from different sources?
Recombinant DNA
What is selective breeding used for?
To pass wanted traits in to the next generation of organisms
How do people increase genetic variation?
Introducing mutations (which are the ultimate source of biological diversity)
How can genes from one organism be inserted into another organism?
By the insertion of recombinant DNA into the genome of a host organism
How can genetic engineering benefit agriculture and industry?
It leads to better, less expensive, and more nutritious food as well as less-harmful manufacturing processes
