chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

only animals with desired characteristics breed to produce the next generation

A

selective breeding

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2
Q

what is crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms?

A

hybridization

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3
Q

a continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics is called what?

A

inbreeding

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4
Q

a plant with many sets of chromosomes is an example of what?

A

a polyploid organism

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5
Q

biologists change the DNA codes of a living organism through what?

A

genetic engineering

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6
Q

what cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides?

A

restriction enzyme

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7
Q

DNA fragments can be separated and analyzed by what?

A

gel electrophoresis

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8
Q

through the process of what, a gene from one organism can be combined with a gene from another organism?

A

recombinant DNA

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9
Q

what is used to make many copies of a single gene?

A

PCR

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10
Q

what is the small circular piece of DNA called in bacterium?

A

plasmid

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11
Q

a gene for antibiotic resistance may be used as what?

A

genetic marker

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12
Q

what is an organism called when it contains genes from another organism?

A

transgenic

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13
Q

what is a member of a population genetically identical cells produced from a single cell?

A

clone

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14
Q

what will cut a DNAsequence only is it matches the sequence precisely?

A

restriction enzyme

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15
Q

What method is used to make a transgenic organism?

A

Genetic engineering

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16
Q

What is a polyploid plant?

A

A plant that has extra sets of chromosomes since tetrads never separated
They’re heartier (?), prettier, and bear more produce

17
Q

What is a change in the genetic make up/DNA of an organism by a technological process called?

A

Biotechnology

18
Q

What is the restriction enzyme specifically called?

19
Q

What is recombinant DNA?

A

Combining the DNA from one organism with the DNA of another.
i.e. Jellyfish+cat= glow in the dark cat

20
Q

What separates DNA fragments by size and weight?

A

Electrophoresis

It’s a gell

21
Q

What are plasmids only found in?

22
Q

What is it called when something is the same forwards and backwards?

A

Palindrome

Faded af) (race car) (hannah

23
Q

During cloning, what do they do to the egg from the foster mother?

A

Remove the nucleus

Only cytoplasm remains

24
Q

Wha is it called to change DNA that is causing a disorder?

A

Gene therapy

25
Why is DNA fingerprinting done?
Find a persons mother/father/sibling/ect Solve crimes (forensics) Identify a body
26
What are radioactive of fluorescent-labeled RNA that are complimentary to the gene of interest is called what?
Probes
27
What is strands of DNA fragments arranged in a grid called?
DNA microarray
28
What is it called when you combine DNA from different sources?
Recombinant DNA
29
What is selective breeding used for?
To pass wanted traits in to the next generation of organisms
30
How do people increase genetic variation?
Introducing mutations (which are the ultimate source of biological diversity)
31
How can genes from one organism be inserted into another organism?
By the insertion of recombinant DNA into the genome of a host organism
32
How can genetic engineering benefit agriculture and industry?
It leads to better, less expensive, and more nutritious food as well as less-harmful manufacturing processes