Chapter 10 - Cell Growth and Division

Question 1

what determines the rate at which it uses food and oxygen?

Answer 1

the volume

Question 2

each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called what

Answer 2

centromere

Question 3

the period of growth in between cell divisions is called what

Answer 3

interphase

Question 4

what is the cell cycle

Answer 4

a series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Question 5

what happens during G1 phase?

Answer 5

cell growth

Question 6

what happens during the S phase?

Answer 6

DNA replication

key proteins called histones synthesis

Question 7

what happens at the G2 phase?

Answer 7

preparation for mitosis

doubles organelles

Question 8

what happens during M phase?

Answer 8

cell division

Question 9

what are the three phases that happen during interphase?

Answer 9

G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase

Question 10

what are the four phases of mitosis?

Answer 10

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 11

what is the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope at the beginning of prophase. only in animals

Answer 11

centrioles

Question 12

what grows more rapidly, the volume or the surface area?

Answer 12

volume

Question 13

what is the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Answer 13

cell division

Question 14

the production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent is known as what?

Answer 14

asexual reproduction

Question 15

what offspring inherits some of their genetic information from each parent?

Answer 15

sexual reproduction

Question 16

genetic information is bundled into packages of DNA is known as what

Answer 16

chromosomes

Question 17

what happens during the cell cycle?

Answer 17

a cell grows
prepares for division
forms two daughter cells

Question 18

what completes the process of cell division

Answer 18

cytokinesis

Question 19

the division of a cells cytoplasm is called what?

Answer 19

cytokinesis

Question 20

what is the final phase of mitosis?

Answer 20

telophase

Question 21

what is a disorder in which cells loose thur ability to control growth and division?

Answer 21

cancer

Question 22

what is the advantage and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 22

advantage: many offspring in a short time
disadvantage: offspring adapted for same environment as parent

Question 23

what are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 23

advantage: more likely to have offspring that will adapt to new conditions
disadvantage: must find a mate

Question 24

what is the splitting of the nucleus called?

Answer 24

mitosis

Question 25

what is the splitting of the cytoplasm called?

Answer 25

cytokinesis

Question 26

what phase adds cytoplasm, and gets larger?

Answer 26

Gap 1

Question 27

what phase replicates DNA?

Answer 27

S phase

Question 28

what phase duplicates organelles?

Answer 28

Gap 2

Question 29

The larger the cell, the more trouble it has moving water and nutrients through the_____

Answer 29

Cell membrane

Question 30

How does a cell regulate its size and avoid becoming too large/(thicc)?

Answer 30

Cell division

Question 31

What happens when a cell becomes too large for the amount of DNA it has?

Answer 31

Information from the DNA would not be able to get signals out or be able to manage the cells organelles.

Question 32

What must pass through the cells membrane for the cell to be healthy

Answer 32

In: food, water, and oxygen Out: waste

Question 33

What happens to the cells surface area to volume ratio as it grows?

Answer 33

The ratio decreases | Ex; 7:1 -> 6:1 -> 5:1

Question 34

Why do cells need to divide

Answer 34

If a cell becomes to big the DNA will not be able to keep up, which will result in information overload And bc the larger the cell the harder for nutrients and waste to move across the cell membrane.

Question 35

During cytokinesis: | Animal cell division vs plant cell division (vs 1000° knife)

Answer 35

Animal cell division: cell membrane moves inwards and pinches until it separates. called cleavage furrow ( . )( . ) Plant cell division: a cell plate forms between the two nucleuses

Question 36

When a cell grows in size does the volume or surface area grow more rapidly?

Answer 36

Volume increase more rapidly. (Which is why s/v ratio decreases)

Question 37

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells

Answer 37

Cell division

Question 38

When are chromosomes visible during the cell cycle? When is chromatin visible?

Answer 38

Chromosomes are visible during cell division | Chromatin is visible during interphase

Question 39

What does chromosome consist of

Answer 39

Two identical chromotids

Question 40

a fan like system of microtubules that will help to separate the duplicated chromosomes

Answer 40

spindle

Question 41

what happens to the cells at the edge of a cut ( not the emo type u fucks) ((well actual yes))

Answer 41

they are stimulated to divide rapidly because they arn't being touched. (they attention hoes)

Question 42

what happens to the cells at the edge of the cut when the healing process is almost complete

Answer 42

cell division slows down, controls on growth are restored and everything returns to normal

Question 43

what regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Answer 43

cyclin

Question 44

proteins that respond to events inside the cell

Answer 44

internal regulators

Question 45

what do external regulators do

Answer 45

direct cell cycle to speedup or slow down include growth factors prevent excessive cell growth keep the tissues of the body from disrupting each other ex; touch/pressure

Question 46

a disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control the rate of growth

Answer 46

2008 memes, aka cancer (((NOT MCR)))

Question 47

cancer cells don't respond to signals that _____

Answer 47

regulate growth

Question 48

cancer cells form masses of cells called ____

Answer 48

tumors

Question 49

cancer cells break loose and spread throughout the ____

Answer 49

DICK. jk, its body

Question 50

the phase of mitosis in which microtubules connect to the poles of the spindle

Answer 50

metaphase

Question 51

longest phase of mitosis

Answer 51

prophase

Question 52

the phase of mitosis that ends when the chromosomes stop moving

Answer 52

anaphase

Question 53

what did one cell say to her sister cell when she stepped on her toe

Answer 53

mitosis *ba dum tis* *gets out noose*

Question 54

when a cell is no longer needed it will under go a programmed death process called ___

Answer 54

apoptosis

Question 55

three controlled steps of apoptosis

Answer 55

1) chromatin shrinks and disintegrates 2) portions of membrane dissolve 3) neighboring cells absorb the remains (shoutout to cannibalism)

Question 56

type of cancer that doesn't spread from original tumor

Answer 56

benign

Question 57

type of cancer where cells break off of the original tumor and form other tumors

Answer 57

malignant

Question 58

what causes cancer

Answer 58

mutagens | ex; viruses, UV light, radiation, chemicals, and drugs

Question 59

drugs that stop or slow down cell cycle

Answer 59

chemotherapy ((((fucking mcr... this unit triggers my emo ass))))