EARLY ELIZABETH I FOREIGN POLICY

Question 1

WHEN was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis?

Answer 1

1559

Question 2

WHAT was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis?

Answer 2

A treaty between France and England which agreed:
* France would retain Calais for 8 years
* Afterwards, Calais would be returned to England as long as they kept the peace
* If France failed to return Calais, they would pay 500,000 crowns (£125,000) to England

Question 3

WHAT was happening with the Guise family when Elizabeth came to the throne?

Answer 3

• Henri II died 1559, and he was succeeded by Francis II (who was married to Mary Queen of Scots)
• The strongly Catholic Guise family (relations of Mary QoS) came to power in France
• The Guises wanted to use Scotland as part of their French policy

Question 4

WHO were the Lords of the Congregation?

Answer 4

Scottish Protestants, led by John Knox, who asked Elizabeth I for assistance against the Catholic French (and Guises). They wanted to take power as Protestants.

Question 5

WHO wanted Elizabeth to intervene with Scotland at the beginning of her reign and WHY?

Answer 5

Cecil: he sympathised with their religious (Protestant) reasons and wanted to remove French forces in Scotland

Question 6

WHO didn’t want to intervene with Scotland at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 6

Elizabeth: she was cautious about interfering with another nation’s domestic affairs (particularly when it involved rebellion). She also disliked Knox who was against female monarchs.

Question 7

WHAT did England do to intervene in Scotland at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 7

• First, only money and armaments were sent.
• Afterwards, they began to send in the English navy and army to protect against French reinforcements.

Question 8

HOW did the Lords of the Congregation come to power?

Answer 8

• The French eventually withdrew from Scotland due to other reasons– Mary of Guise died, and a storm damaged their troops
• Lords of Congregation were accepted as conciliar government, and sought the removal of Mary QoS

Question 9

WHAT happened to Mary Queen of Scots after the Lords of Congregation came to power?

Answer 9

• Her family fell from power after Francis II died
• She returned to Scotland, and was forced to accept the political and religious power of her enemies

Question 10

HOW successful were England in intervening in Scottish affairs 1559-60?

Answer 10

Cecil saw it as a victory, as Scottish Protestants had been protected. Elizabeth saw this victory as achieved through luck, and she was cautious about going forward.

Question 11

WHEN did conflict break out in France at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign and between WHO?

Answer 11

1562: the Protestants (Huguenots) and Catholics started fighting.

Question 12

WHO wanted England to intervene in the French conflict 1562?

Answer 12

Robert Dudley: he convinced Elizabeth to put military pressure on France to ensure the return of Calais

Question 13

WHAT did England do to intervene in the French conflict 1562-64?

Answer 13

Elizabeth promised the Huguenot leader 6000 men and a loan of £30,000

Question 14

WHAT happened near the end of the French conflict 1562-64?

Answer 14

• Both sides became leaderless (Huguenot= captured, Catholic= assassinated), and sought peace.
• Both sides united to drive England out of France
• England forced to seek out unfavourable Treaty of Troyes 1564

Question 15

WHAT were the consequences of England intervening in the French conflict 1562-64?

Answer 15

• England had broken the terms of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), and permanently lost Calais
• In long run, this was probably beneficial as Calais was expensive to manage