E3 Phylogeny Flashcards
Exam 3
The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
Phylogeny
A discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships
Systematics
The evolutionary history of a group of species can be represented in
a branching diagram called
a phylogenetic tree
What is the first part of a binomial scientific names Ex: CANUS Lupus, what is Canus called?
The genus
What is the second part of a binomial scientific names?
Ex: Canus LUPUS, what is the Lupus called?
Unique for each species within the genus
Species are placed into a nested set of ever-broader groups
based on shared ancestry. Each of these groups is called
A Taxon
An _____________________ is a sequence of ancestral
organisms leading to a particular descendant taxon
evolutionary lineage
___________ are groups that share a common ancestor that
is not shared by any other group
Sister taxa
__________________________assumes that the most likely tree is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary events
Maximum parsimony
A _____________ is a tool that biologists can use to organize information about trait similarities & differences
across a group of species.
character table
The ________ is a set of species being studied that all have some trait in common.
ingroup
A more taxon that’s not part of
the ingroup is the ________
outgroup
Phenotypic or genetic trait that two or more taxa have in common due to shared ancestry
Homologous Trait
Phenotypic trait that two or more taxa have in common due to convergent evolution
Analogous Traits
When a superficially similar trait evolves more than once in separate taxa due to similar
selective pressures from the environment
Convergent evolution
