E2 Module 7: Cell Division and Genetic Inheritance pt. 2

Question 1

How do we tell the difference between male and females?

Answer 1

Different reproductive gametes (Male=sperm, Female=Egg)

Question 2

Mammals have _________, which are the same for all individuals in a species, along with a pair of __________ __________, called X&Y

Answer 2

Autosomes; sex chromosomes

Question 3

Organisms with XX genotype tend to develop __________; Organisms with XY genotype tend to develop _______

Answer 3

Female; Male

Question 4

Females get ___ from both mother and father

Answer 4

X

Question 5

Males get _ from Mother and _ from father

Answer 5

X; Y

Question 6

A diagram of a family tree that’s used to identify the inheritance pattern of a heritable phenotypic trait

Answer 6

Pedigree

Question 7

Grey square in pedigree chart represents

Answer 7

Male with trait (affected)

Question 8

Grey circle in pedigree chart represents

Answer 8

Female with trait (affected)

Question 9

White square in a pedigree chart represents

Answer 9

Male Without trait (unaffected)W

Question 10

White circle in a pedigree chart represents

Answer 10

Female without trait (unaffected)

Question 11

What are the 4 assumptions of pedigree analysis?

Answer 11

1. The trait is primarily shaped by ONE GENE
2. Gene has TWO ALLELES
3. One allele is DOMINANT and the other is RECESSIVE
4. Family tree is made up of only biological relatives

Question 12

When the gene is located one of the autosomes (Not X or Y), allele that produces trait is not expressed in heterozygote; This is called

Answer 12

Autosomal Recessive

Question 13

What are the 3 quick cues for Autosomal recessive?

Answer 13

1. Offspring CAN have trait when NEITHER parent has it
2. If both parents have trait, then all offspring also have trait
3. Male and female individuals are = affected

Question 14

Steps of verifying pattern in Pedigree charts (4)

Answer 14

1. Label all affected (grey) individuals as homozygous (lower case letters)
2. If two unaffected parents produce an affected child, label both parents with heterozygous
3. Make sure affected parents of unaffected offspring are heterozygous
4. Check every individuals genotype makes sense (Like no aa x aa parent making Aa offspring)

Question 15

What is the difference between autosomal dominance and autosomal recessive?

Answer 15

Dominant is expressed, while recessive is not

Question 16

Gene is located on the X chromosome

Answer 16

X-linked recessive

Question 17

Females (XX) must be ____________________ for associated allele to express trait

Answer 17

Homozygous

Question 18

Males (XY) with a copy of the associated allele

Answer 18

will express trait

Question 19

If female has a trait, all fathers and sons will have trait represents

Answer 19

X-linked recessive

Question 20

Steps to verify X-linked recessive (4)

Answer 20

1. Label every affected male as xY and every affected female as xx
2. Label every unaffected male as XY
3. Label every unaffected female as XX/Xx
4. Check that all makes sense

Question 21

Steps to verify X-linked Dominant (4)

Answer 21

1. Label every affected male as XY and every unaffected male as xY
   2.Label every unaffected female as xx
2. Label affected females as either XX or Xx
   based on parental genotypes
3. Check that it all makes sense