E1 Chapter 22: Darwinism and Natural Selection Flashcards
Exam 1
What is the biological organization from largest to smallest (10)
- The biosphere
- Ecosystems
- Community
- Population
- Organisms
- Organs
- Tissues
- Cells
- Organelles
- Molecules
All life on Earth and all the places life exists
The biosphere
All living things and nonliving things in a particular area
Ecosystem
The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem
Communities
All of the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area
Population
Individual living thing
Organism
A body part made up of multiple tissues that have specific functions
Organs
A group of cells that work together to perform a function
tissues
Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function
Cels
Functional component in cells
Organelles
A chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms
Molecule
Eukaryotic cells contain _____________, while prokaryotic cells lack a ___________
membrane-enclosed organelle; nucleus
Critical attributes of biological systems that arise from the interactions of individual parts.
Emergent properties
The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions
systems biology
The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes; Single-celled
Domain bacteria
Prokaryotes that live in Earth’s most extreme environments
Domain archaea
Species adapt to different environments over time, they accumulate differences from ancestors
Descent with modification
What are the 3 observations from nature?
- Individuals vary in a population by traits
- A population can produce far more offspring than can survive to produce offspring of their own
- Species generally are not suited to their environment
Selects for the propagation of certain traits among naturally occurring variant traits in the population
Natural selection
The selective breeding of domesticating plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits
Artificial selection
Inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment
Adaptations
Organisms capacity for reproduction and survival
Evolutionary fitness
A distinguishing characteristic; heritable
Traits
A hereditary unit consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
Gene
1 or 2 alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutations
Allele
Limitation or biases on the course of adaptive evolution
Evolutionary constraint
The tendency of some individuals to produce more/less offspring than others due to random things
Genetic Drift
A feature of the biotic or abiotic environment that impacts which trait variants lead to greater reproduction success
Selective pressure
What are the three principles of natural selection?
- Trait must show variation
- Trait must be heritable
- Trait must impact reproductive success
Set of traits that make up a species’ distinctive pattern of growth, reproduction, and lifespan
Life History
Each organism has a finite energy budget based on food it consumes
Life history theory
