E1 Chapter 22: Darwinism and Natural Selection Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

What is the biological organization from largest to smallest (10)

A
  1. The biosphere
  2. Ecosystems
  3. Community
  4. Population
  5. Organisms
  6. Organs
  7. Tissues
  8. Cells
  9. Organelles
  10. Molecules
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2
Q

All life on Earth and all the places life exists

A

The biosphere

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3
Q

All living things and nonliving things in a particular area

A

Ecosystem

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4
Q

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

A

Communities

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5
Q

All of the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area

A

Population

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6
Q

Individual living thing

A

Organism

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7
Q

A body part made up of multiple tissues that have specific functions

A

Organs

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8
Q

A group of cells that work together to perform a function

A

tissues

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9
Q

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

A

Cels

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10
Q

Functional component in cells

A

Organelles

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11
Q

A chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms

A

Molecule

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12
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain _____________, while prokaryotic cells lack a ___________

A

membrane-enclosed organelle; nucleus

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13
Q

Critical attributes of biological systems that arise from the interactions of individual parts.

A

Emergent properties

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14
Q

The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions

A

systems biology

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15
Q

The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes; Single-celled

A

Domain bacteria

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16
Q

Prokaryotes that live in Earth’s most extreme environments

A

Domain archaea

17
Q

Species adapt to different environments over time, they accumulate differences from ancestors

A

Descent with modification

18
Q

What are the 3 observations from nature?

A
  1. Individuals vary in a population by traits
  2. A population can produce far more offspring than can survive to produce offspring of their own
  3. Species generally are not suited to their environment
19
Q

Selects for the propagation of certain traits among naturally occurring variant traits in the population

A

Natural selection

20
Q

The selective breeding of domesticating plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits

A

Artificial selection

21
Q

Inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment

A

Adaptations

22
Q

Organisms capacity for reproduction and survival

A

Evolutionary fitness

23
Q

A distinguishing characteristic; heritable

A

Traits

24
Q

A hereditary unit consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

A

Gene

25
Q

1 or 2 alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutations

A

Allele

26
Q

Limitation or biases on the course of adaptive evolution

A

Evolutionary constraint

27
Q

The tendency of some individuals to produce more/less offspring than others due to random things

A

Genetic Drift

28
Q

A feature of the biotic or abiotic environment that impacts which trait variants lead to greater reproduction success

A

Selective pressure

29
Q

What are the three principles of natural selection?

A
  1. Trait must show variation
  2. Trait must be heritable
  3. Trait must impact reproductive success
30
Q

Set of traits that make up a species’ distinctive pattern of growth, reproduction, and lifespan

A

Life History

31
Q

Each organism has a finite energy budget based on food it consumes

A

Life history theory