E1 Chapter 22: Darwinism and Natural Selection Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

What is the biological organization from largest to smallest (10)

A
  1. The biosphere
  2. Ecosystems
  3. Community
  4. Population
  5. Organisms
  6. Organs
  7. Tissues
  8. Cells
  9. Organelles
  10. Molecules
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2
Q

All life on Earth and all the places life exists

A

The biosphere

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3
Q

All living things and nonliving things in a particular area

A

Ecosystem

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4
Q

The array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

A

Communities

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5
Q

All of the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area

A

Population

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6
Q

Individual living thing

A

Organism

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7
Q

A body part made up of multiple tissues that have specific functions

A

Organs

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8
Q

A group of cells that work together to perform a function

A

tissues

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9
Q

Life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

A

Cels

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10
Q

Functional component in cells

A

Organelles

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11
Q

A chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms

A

Molecule

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12
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain _____________, while prokaryotic cells lack a ___________

A

membrane-enclosed organelle; nucleus

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13
Q

Critical attributes of biological systems that arise from the interactions of individual parts.

A

Emergent properties

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14
Q

The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions

A

systems biology

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15
Q

The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes; Single-celled

A

Domain bacteria

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16
Q

Prokaryotes that live in Earth’s most extreme environments

A

Domain archaea

17
Q

Species adapt to different environments over time, they accumulate differences from ancestors

A

Descent with modification

18
Q

What are the 3 observations from nature?

A
  1. Individuals vary in a population by traits
  2. A population can produce far more offspring than can survive to produce offspring of their own
  3. Species generally are not suited to their environment
19
Q

Selects for the propagation of certain traits among naturally occurring variant traits in the population

A

Natural selection

20
Q

The selective breeding of domesticating plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits

A

Artificial selection

21
Q

Inherited characteristics of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment

A

Adaptations

22
Q

Organisms capacity for reproduction and survival

A

Evolutionary fitness

23
Q

A distinguishing characteristic; heritable

24
Q

A hereditary unit consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

25
1 or 2 alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutations
Allele
26
Limitation or biases on the course of adaptive evolution
Evolutionary constraint
27
The tendency of some individuals to produce more/less offspring than others due to random things
Genetic Drift
28
A feature of the biotic or abiotic environment that impacts which trait variants lead to greater reproduction success
Selective pressure
29
What are the three principles of natural selection?
1. Trait must show variation 2. Trait must be heritable 3. Trait must impact reproductive success
30
Set of traits that make up a species' distinctive pattern of growth, reproduction, and lifespan
Life History
31
Each organism has a finite energy budget based on food it consumes
Life history theory