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BIO121 > E2 Module 7: Cell Division & Genetic Inheritance > Flashcards

E2 Module 7: Cell Division & Genetic Inheritance Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

One parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

How do prokaryotes do mitosis?

A

Reproduce asexually by copying themselves

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3
Q

How do Eukaryotes do mitosis?

A

Multiplies the somatic cells

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4
Q

All body cells aside from egg or sperm

A

Somatic cell

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5
Q

To prepare for mitosis, a cell replicates its entire genome, resulting
in ______________ __________ _____________

A

Two identical copies

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6
Q

Each replicated chromosome consists of two
identical

A

Sister chromatids

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7
Q

Sister chromatids are attached at the

A

Centromere

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8
Q

The step where cytoplasm gets divided as the cell pinches in two

A

Cytokinesis

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8
Q

One parent cell divides twice to produce four non-identical daughter cells

A

Meiosis

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9
Q

Eukaryotes use ________ to produce gametes (eggs & sperm) that contain only _____ of a parent’s genome.

A

Meiosis; half

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10
Q

These alternate copies of the same genes
are located on

A

Homologous chromosomes

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11
Q

_________ never stops, even when you have genes

A

Mitosis; helps form new skin cells

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12
Q

Homologous chromosomes = _____ genes, ______ alleles

A

Same; different

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13
Q

A cell with both sets of homologous chromosomes is ___________,
meaning it has two versions of each gene.

A

Diploid

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14
Q

the cell divides; homologous chromosomes
separate into different cells.

A

Meiosis I

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15
Q

paternal & maternal chromosomes are
_________ sorted into the two resulting cells, so that
each cell has a mix of maternal & paternal alleles for
each gene

A

Randomly

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16
Q

it has ONE
version of each gene; this happens when?

A

Haploid; end of meiosis I

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17
Q

both cells divide; sister chromatids separate
into different cells

A

Meiosis II

18
Q

At the end of meiosis I, each cell is still _________: it has
one version of each gene.

A

Haploid

19
Q

At the end of Meiosis II, there are ____________

A

4 gametes (reproductive cell)

20
Q

When gametes are formed, the two alleles of a gene separate into
separate gametes, so that each gamete carries
just one allele of each gene

A

Law of Segregation

21
Q

When gametes are formed, alleles of different genes get sorted into gametes independently of each other

A

Law of Individual Assortment

22
Q

When the homologous chromosomes exchange a piece of themselves

A

Crossing over

23
Q

Before crossing over: Two Homologous chromosomes are each made up of

A

two identical sister chromatids

24
Q

Chromosomes with some paternal and some maternal

A

Recombinant chromosomes

25
Q

Genes that are located close together on the same chromosomes are called

A

Linked genes

26
Q

The farther apart two genes are, the (greater/less) the chance of a cross-over happening between them

A

Greater

27
Q

The distantly spaces genes (follow/do not follow) the Law of Independent Assortment

A

Follow

28
Q

A diagram that lets you chart all the possible allele combinations that could occur in an offspirng that results from a cross of two individuals with know genotypes

A

Punnett square

29
Q

An organism’s combination of alleles for a particular gene

A

Genotype

30
Q

individual has two of the SAME allele for a gene (ex: CB CB or CP CP)

A

Homozygous

31
Q

individual has two DIFFERENT alleles for a gene (ex: CB CP)

A

Heterozygous

32
Q

An organism’s combination of alleles for a particular gene

A

Genotype

33
Q

An organism’s physical traits

A

phenotype (fein moshpits get physical)

34
Q

Heterozygous individuals express the phenotype associated with this allele

A

Dominant trait

35
Q

Heterozygous individuals DON’T express the phenotype associated with this allele

A

Recessive Trait

36
Q

Most phenotypic traits ARE NOT… (3)

A
  1. Shaped exclusively by the genotype
  2. Shaped by only one gene
  3. Have on fully dominant and one fully recessive allele
37
Q

Most traits are influenced by (one/multiple) genes

A

Multiple

38
Q

When heterozygous individuals have a blended phenotype, instead of one or the other (Ex is CbCp instead of CpCp)

A

Incomplete dominance

39
Q

When one gene has 3+ alleles, instead of just two (CxCx, CyCy, CzCz)

A

multiple alleles

40
Q

When the “E”ffects of one gene override that of another gene

A

Epistasis

41
Q

When a phenotypic trait is shaped by many different genes

A

Polygenic inheritance (poly=many)

42
Q

this OR that
Addition or multiplication?

A

Addition

43
Q
A

BIO121 (13 decks)

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