E2 Module 7: Cell Division & Genetic Inheritance

Question 1

One parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

How do prokaryotes do mitosis?

Answer 2

Reproduce asexually by copying themselves

Question 3

How do Eukaryotes do mitosis?

Answer 3

Multiplies the somatic cells

Question 4

All body cells aside from egg or sperm

Answer 4

Somatic cell

Question 5

To prepare for mitosis, a cell replicates its entire genome, resulting
in ______________ __________ _____________

Answer 5

Two identical copies

Question 6

Each replicated chromosome consists of two
identical

Answer 6

Sister chromatids

Question 7

Sister chromatids are attached at the

Answer 7

Centromere

Question 8

The step where cytoplasm gets divided as the cell pinches in two

Answer 8

Cytokinesis

Question 8

One parent cell divides twice to produce four non-identical daughter cells

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

Eukaryotes use ________ to produce gametes (eggs & sperm) that contain only _____ of a parent’s genome.

Answer 9

Meiosis; half

Question 10

These alternate copies of the same genes
are located on

Answer 10

Homologous chromosomes

Question 11

_________ never stops, even when you have genes

Answer 11

Mitosis; helps form new skin cells

Question 12

Homologous chromosomes = _____ genes, ______ alleles

Answer 12

Same; different

Question 13

A cell with both sets of homologous chromosomes is ___________,
meaning it has two versions of each gene.

Answer 13

Diploid

Question 14

the cell divides; homologous chromosomes
separate into different cells.

Answer 14

Meiosis I

Question 15

paternal & maternal chromosomes are
_________ sorted into the two resulting cells, so that
each cell has a mix of maternal & paternal alleles for
each gene

Answer 15

Randomly

Question 16

it has ONE
version of each gene; this happens when?

Answer 16

Haploid; end of meiosis I

Question 17

both cells divide; sister chromatids separate
into different cells

Answer 17

Meiosis II

Question 18

At the end of meiosis I, each cell is still _________: it has
one version of each gene.

Answer 18

Haploid

Question 19

At the end of Meiosis II, there are ____________

Answer 19

4 gametes (reproductive cell)

Question 20

When gametes are formed, the two alleles of a gene separate into
separate gametes, so that each gamete carries
just one allele of each gene

Answer 20

Law of Segregation

Question 21

When gametes are formed, alleles of different genes get sorted into gametes independently of each other

Answer 21

Law of Individual Assortment

Question 22

When the homologous chromosomes exchange a piece of themselves

Answer 22

Crossing over

Question 23

Before crossing over: Two Homologous chromosomes are each made up of

Answer 23

two identical sister chromatids

Question 24

Chromosomes with some paternal and some maternal

Answer 24

Recombinant chromosomes

Question 25

Genes that are located close together on the same chromosomes are called

Answer 25

Linked genes

Question 26

The farther apart two genes are, the (greater/less) the chance of a cross-over happening between them

Answer 26

Greater

Question 27

The distantly spaces genes (follow/do not follow) the Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 27

Follow

Question 28

A diagram that lets you chart all the possible allele combinations that could occur in an offspirng that results from a cross of two individuals with know genotypes

Answer 28

Punnett square

Question 29

An organism's combination of alleles for a particular gene

Answer 29

Genotype

Question 30

individual has two of the SAME allele for a gene (ex: CB CB or CP CP)

Answer 30

Homozygous

Question 31

individual has two DIFFERENT alleles for a gene (ex: CB CP)

Answer 31

Heterozygous

Question 32

An organism’s combination of alleles for a particular gene

Answer 32

Genotype

Question 33

An organism's physical traits

Answer 33

phenotype (fein moshpits get physical)

Question 34

Heterozygous individuals express the phenotype associated with this allele

Answer 34

Dominant trait

Question 35

Heterozygous individuals DON'T express the phenotype associated with this allele

Answer 35

Recessive Trait

Question 36

Most phenotypic traits ARE NOT... (3)

Answer 36

1. Shaped exclusively by the genotype 2. Shaped by only one gene 3. Have on fully dominant and one fully recessive allele

Question 37

Most traits are influenced by (one/multiple) genes

Answer 37

Multiple

Question 38

When heterozygous individuals have a blended phenotype, instead of one or the other (Ex is CbCp instead of CpCp)

Answer 38

Incomplete dominance

Question 39

When one gene has 3+ alleles, instead of just two (CxCx, CyCy, CzCz)

Answer 39

multiple alleles

Question 40

When the "E"ffects of one gene override that of another gene

Answer 40

Epistasis

Question 41

When a phenotypic trait is shaped by many different genes

Answer 41

Polygenic inheritance (poly=many)

Question 42

this OR that Addition or multiplication?

Answer 42

Addition