E2 DNA Mutations

Question 1

A mutation in which one nucleotide (and its compliment) are swapped out for another

Answer 1

Substitution

Question 2

When a single-nucleotide substitution does not change the amino acid sequence

Answer 2

Silent mutation

Question 3

When a single-nucleotide substitution causes one amino acid to be swapped for another

Answer 3

Missense mutation

Question 4

Mutations that technically make sense, but is incorrect

Answer 4

Missense mutation (mis=mistake)

Question 5

When a single-nucleotide substitution causes an amino acid to be replaced with a stop codon

Answer 5

Nonsense mutation

Question 6

A mutation in which an extra nucleotide is inserted into the sequence

Answer 6

insertion

Question 7

A mutation in which a nucleotide is removed from the sequence

Answer 7

Deletion

Question 8

When the entire 3-nucleotide codon “reading frame” shifts, causing all of the codons after the indel to change

Answer 8

Frameshift

Question 9

Insertion and deletions are both know as

Answer 9

indel (INsertion DELetion)

Question 10

Do frameshifts almost always fully alter the protein?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Frameshifts can lead to either

Answer 11

Missense or nonsense codons