E1 Chapter 3: DNA and Chemical Components of Biology

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 2

To store genetic information that is used to make proteins, and gets replicated to transmit genes to next gen

Question 3

Is DNA single or double-stranded? What is the coding of DNA?

Answer 3

Double-stranded; ACGT

Question 4

The monomer building blocks of DNA and RNA

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

What are the 3 nucleotides of DNA and RNA?

Answer 5

1. 5-Carbon Pentose Sugar
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base

Question 6

In DNA and RNA, the 5-carbon pentose sugar is different in what aspect?

Answer 6

RNA has an OH group attached to carbon 3’ and carbon 5’, while DNA only has an OH group attached to carbon 3’

Question 7

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 7

Ribonucleic acid

Question 8

What is the function of RNA?

Answer 8

mRNA carries genetic info from DNA to the ribosomes

Question 9

Is RNA double or single-stranded? What is its coding?

Answer 9

Single; ACGU

Question 10

The _________________ vary between DNA and RNA sequences

Answer 10

nitrogenous bases

Question 11

A single strand of RNA/DNA is built by joining the _________________________ of one nucleotide to the _________________________________ of another

Answer 11

Phosphate; 5-carbon pentose sugar

Question 12

The bond connecting nucleotides is called a

Answer 12

phosphodiester bond

Question 13

A in DNA stands for _____________ and likes to pair with _

Answer 13

Adenine; T

Question 14

G in DNA stands for ______________ and likes to pair with _

Answer 14

Guanine; C

Question 15

C in DNA stands for ______________ and likes to pair with _

Answer 15

Cytosine; G

Question 16

T in DNA stands for ______________ and likes to pair with _

Answer 16

Thymine; A

Question 17

U in RNA stands for _______________ and likes to pair with _

Answer 17

Urasil; A

Question 18

Oxygen is more EN than H in a covalent bond, which creates

Answer 18

Polar covalent bonds

Question 19

The dipole attraction of a H to an EN- element like Oxygen

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonding

Question 20

The process, act, or state in which alike molecules or body parts bind or stay close together

Answer 20

Cohesion

Question 21

What are the four emergent properties of water?

Answer 21

1. Cohesion of the water molecule
2. Moderation of temperature by water
3. Floating ice on the water
4. Water as the solvent of life

Question 22

Hydrogen bonds holding a substance together are an example of ___________

Answer 22

Cohesion

Question 23

How difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid; What causes this?

Answer 23

Surface tension; cohesion

Question 24

Does water have a high or low surface tension?

Answer 24

High

Question 25

The clinging of one substance to another

Answer 25

Adhesion

Question 26

Energy of motion

Answer 26

Kinetic energy

Question 27

The faster a molecule moves, the greater its

Answer 27

Kinetic energy

Question 28

The kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms

Answer 28

Thermal energy

Question 29

The average kinetic energy of molecules in a body of matter

Answer 29

Temperature

Question 30

Thermal energy is transferred from one body of matter to another

Answer 30

Heat

Question 31

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree

Answer 31

Specific heat

Question 32

Why does ice float on water? Why is this unique?

Answer 32

Water in a solid form is less dense than in a liquid form. No other liquid is like this

Question 32

Polar substances that love water

Answer 32

Hydrophilic

Question 33

Nonpolar substances that hate water

Answer 33

Hydrophobic

Question 34

Atom that plays a key role in biomolecules

Answer 34

Carbon

Question 35

The number of covalent bonds an atom can form

Answer 35

Valence

Question 36

Molecules known for their huge size

Answer 36

Macromolecules

Question 37

A molecule consisting of many similar blocks linked by covalent bonds

Answer 37

Polymers

Question 38

The repeating units that serve as building blocks for polymers

Answer 38

Monomers

Question 39

Specific macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 39

Enzymes

Question 40

Have molecular formula that are some multiple of the unit CH2O

Answer 40

Monosaccharides

Question 41

Disaccharides are two monosaccharides that are joined by ____________

Answer 41

A glycosidic linkage

Question 42

What is a glycosidic linkage?

Answer 42

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration

Question 43

RNA specifically controls

Answer 43

protein synthesis

Question 44

What are the two father groups of nitrogenous variations?

Answer 44

1. Pyrimidine 2. Purines

Question 45

One Six-membered ring of carbon and sugar is called? DNA/RNA examples are

Answer 45

Pyrimidine; C T U

Question 46

A larger six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring is called? DNA examples are

Answer 46

Purines; A G