E1 Chapter 4: The Central Dogma Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

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2
Q

RNA to Amino Acids

A

Translation

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3
Q

What are the 3 steps of transcription?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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4
Q

RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the promoter

A

Initiation

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5
Q

A short DNA sequence located in front of the gene that functions as “gene start here” sign

A

Promotor

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6
Q

RNA polymerase travels along DNA, reading template strands in a 3’ to 5’ way

A

Elongation

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7
Q

mRNA is synthesized in what direction

A

5 to 3’

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8
Q

RNA polymerase detaches when it reads the stop here sequence

A

Termination in Prokaryoates

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9
Q

Prokaryotes=

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

More extensive termination sequence than its counterpart

A

Eukaryoates

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11
Q

Eukaryoates=

A

multi-celled organisms (plants/animals)

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12
Q

RNA polymerase is commonly called the

A

transciber

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13
Q

What 3 things does RNA polymerase do?

A
  1. pulls apart the double-stranded DNA
  2. Enables RNA nucleotides to base-pair with the gene’s template
  3. Enables the RNA polymerase catalyzation
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14
Q

Nucleotides are added only to the __ of growing RNA strand (in elongation)

A

3’

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15
Q

The mRNA is built by base-pairing RNA nucleotides with the template of DNA in what step

A

elongation

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16
Q

If a template strand is 5’-ATCG-3’ what is the correct mRNA

A

3’ - UAGC - 5’

17
Q

plants and animals are examples of

A

Eukaryotes

18
Q

Bacteria is an example of a

A

prokaryote

19
Q

A process in which some segments of mRNA are cut out, while others are bonded together and used

A

RNA splicing

20
Q

___________ are cut out and discarded; stay inside the nucleus

A

INtrons

21
Q

Attached together and exit the nucleus so they can become polypeptide

A

EXons

22
Q

Unprocessed mRNA identical to DNA coding strand

A

pre-mRNA

23
Q

What are the two ways eukaryotic cells modify their pre-mRNA bases?

A
  1. Add the 5’ cap
  2. Add poly-A tail
24
Q

____________________ Lets a gene contain multiple versions of multiple domains

A

Alternative splicing

25
Q

Triplets of nucleotides

A

Codons

26
Q

The genetic instructions for a polypeptide chain are written in the DNA as a series of nonoverlapping three-nucleotide words

A

triplet code

27
Q

Provides the pattern/template for the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript

A

Template strand

28
Q

What directions are codons written in

A

5’-3’

29
Q

What are the three stop codons?

A

UGA, UAA, UAG

30
Q

What is the start codon?

A

MET/ AUG***

31
Q

The sequence that signals the end of transcription

A

Terminator

32
Q

The nucleotide where RNA polymerase actually begins synthesizing mRNA

A

Start point

33
Q

What is a sequence of 50-250 adenine nucleotides that are assigned to a 3’ end

A

Poly-A tail

34
Q

A functional RNA strand on one end, it attaches to one particular amino acid. On opposite end, it attaches to an anti-codon

A

tRNA

35
Q

A nucleotide sequence on tRNA that base-pairs with a codon on mRNA

A

Anti-codon

36
Q

what direction does anti-codon read?

A

3’-5’