E1 Chapter 4: The Central Dogma Flashcards
Exam 1
DNA to RNA
Transcription
RNA to Amino Acids
Translation
What are the 3 steps of transcription?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the promoter
Initiation
A short DNA sequence located in front of the gene that functions as “gene start here” sign
Promotor
RNA polymerase travels along DNA, reading template strands in a 3’ to 5’ way
Elongation
mRNA is synthesized in what direction
5 to 3’
RNA polymerase detaches when it reads the stop here sequence
Termination in Prokaryoates
Prokaryotes=
Bacteria
More extensive termination sequence than its counterpart
Eukaryoates
Eukaryoates=
multi-celled organisms (plants/animals)
RNA polymerase is commonly called the
transciber
What 3 things does RNA polymerase do?
- pulls apart the double-stranded DNA
- Enables RNA nucleotides to base-pair with the gene’s template
- Enables the RNA polymerase catalyzation
Nucleotides are added only to the __ of growing RNA strand (in elongation)
3’
The mRNA is built by base-pairing RNA nucleotides with the template of DNA in what step
elongation
If a template strand is 5’-ATCG-3’ what is the correct mRNA
3’ - UAGC - 5’
plants and animals are examples of
Eukaryotes
Bacteria is an example of a
prokaryote
A process in which some segments of mRNA are cut out, while others are bonded together and used
RNA splicing
___________ are cut out and discarded; stay inside the nucleus
INtrons
Attached together and exit the nucleus so they can become polypeptide
EXons
Unprocessed mRNA identical to DNA coding strand
pre-mRNA
What are the two ways eukaryotic cells modify their pre-mRNA bases?
- Add the 5’ cap
- Add poly-A tail
____________________ Lets a gene contain multiple versions of multiple domains
Alternative splicing