E1: Muscle types

Question 1

how many muscles are in the body?

Answer 1

640

Question 2

what % of body weight is muscle?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

what are muscle fibres made up of?

Answer 3

strands of muscle fibres

Question 4

whats the function of muscle fibres?

Answer 4

to maximise performance

Question 5

what are the different types of muscle fibres?

Answer 5

-Type 1
-Type 2:
Type 2A, Type 2X

Question 6

what are type 1 muscle fibres also known as?

Answer 6

-slow twitch

Question 7

describe the characteristics of a type 1(slow twitch) muscle fibre

Answer 7

-slow contraction(110ms)
- low force
-red
-slow to fatigue
-rich blood supply and contains many mitochondria to sustain aerobic metabolism
-high capillary density
-high capacity for aerobic exercise
-low capacity for anaerobic exercise

Question 8

what is the type 2A muscle fibre also known as?

Answer 8

fast oxidative glycolytic

Question 9

what are the characteristics of a Type 2A muscle fibre(fast oxidative glycolytic)?

Answer 9

-fast contractions(50m/s)
-Red
-high contraction force
-large in size
-used when in moderate to high intensity
-fatiguability is less resistant than 2X
-low capillary density
-medium capacity for aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Question 10

what are the characteristics of a Type 2X muscle fibre(fast glycolic)?

Answer 10

-fast contractions(50m/s)
-white
-high force of contraction
-used in high intensity exercise
-large in size
-low amount of mitochondria and myoglobin
-low capillary density
-low aerobic capacity
-high anaerobic capacity

Question 11

what are the 3 types of muscles?

Answer 11

smooth, cardiac and skeletal

Question 12

what’s the structure of smooth muscle?

Answer 12

smooth muscle which consists of thick and thin filaments that are not arranged into sarcomeres giving it a non-striated pattern.

Question 13

whats the function of a smooth muscle?

Answer 13

breaking down food and transporting blood around around the body via the digestion and circulatory system

Question 14

location of smooth muscle?

Answer 14

small and large intestine

Question 15

what type of nucleus does a smooth muscle cell have?

Answer 15

a single central nucleus controlled by an autonomic nervous system

Question 16

why is smooth muscle important for sport and exercise?

Answer 16

It controls blood flow and the body is in need of oxygenated blood during sport and exercise

Question 17

Are the use of smooth muscle cells voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 17

involuntary

Question 18

do smooth muscle cells fatigue?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

where else can smooth muscle cells be found?

Answer 19

in the tunica media

Question 20

what centre controls the vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the smooth muscle cells in the tunica media?

Answer 20

vasomotor centre

Question 21

where is the vasomotor centre?

Answer 21

in the medulla oblongata

Question 22

structure of skeletal muscles?

Answer 22

arranged in rows of fibres

Question 23

function of skeletal muscles?

Answer 23

movement/ co-ordinated contractions

Question 24

location of skeletal muscles?

Answer 24

attached to joints

Question 25

what type of nucleus does a skeletal muscle cell have and where Is it located?

Answer 25

they have multiple nuclei on the peripheral

Question 26

why is skeletal muscle important for sport and exercise?

Answer 26

it allows movement

Question 27

what are skeletal muscles controlled by?

Answer 27

a central nervous system

Question 28

If skeletal muscles are controlled by a CNS then are they voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 28

voluntary as we choose to move them

Question 29

do skeletal muscles fatigue?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

structure of a cardiac muscle?

Answer 30

tubular structure

Question 31

function of a cardiac muscle?

Answer 31

contractions from 60-80 times a minute

Question 32

location of cardiac muscle?

Answer 32

heart/myocardium

Question 33

why type of nucleus does a cardiac muscle cell have?

Answer 33

a single central nucleus which makes the heart have myogenic contractions

Question 34

why are cardiac muscles important in sport and exercise?

Answer 34

they help to regenerate oxygen blood and supply it to the body

Question 35

is the use of a cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 35

involuntary

Question 36

do cardiac muscles fatigue?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

why are the use of both smooth and cardiac muscles involuntary?

Answer 37

Both muscle types are controlled by an autonomic nervous system which isnt' controlled?

Question 38

why are the use of skeletal muscles voluntary?

Answer 38

they are controlled by a central nervous system which means we choose to do something

Question 39

whats meant by a single central nucleus?

Answer 39

1 nucleus in a single muscle cell

Question 40

what do type 1 have a lot of to sustain aerobic respiration?

Answer 40

-rich blood supply through a high capillary density and many mitochondria

Question 41

what is myoglobin?

Answer 41

a storage of oxygen

Question 42

what type of ontractions do smooth muscles have?

Answer 42

Peristaltic contractions

Question 43

what are peristaltic contractions?

Answer 43

consecutive contractions instead of all all together contractions in order to push food through. For example the fibres at the start will contract first then the middle ones and then the end ones

Question 44

sporting example for using a type 1 muscle fibre?

Answer 44

Long period of time-marathon

Question 45

sporting example for using a type 2A muscle fibre?

Answer 45

400m + 800m sprint

Question 46

sporting example for using a type 2X muscle fibre?

Answer 46

-100m sprint -1 rep max -plyometrics/explosive movements

Question 47

whats a muscle fibre?

Answer 47

single cylindrical muscle cells

Question 48

why are tendons connected to muscles?

Answer 48

to withstand the forces of contractions

Question 49

whats a fascia?

Answer 49

a sheet of thick connective tissue which surrounds a muscle

Question 50

whats the epimysium?

Answer 50

outer layer that surrounds the entire muscle and keeps content together

Question 51

whats the fasicles?

Answer 51

bundle of skeletal muscle fibres,surrounded by the perimysium

Question 52

whats the perimysium?

Answer 52

connective tissue around a bundle of muscle fibres, helps separate the facicles

Question 53

whats the endomysium?

Answer 53

connective tissue around a muscle cell, this surrounds each muscle, this surrounds each muscle fibre

Question 54

what are myofibril?

Answer 54

thin filaments that make up a muscle fibre