E1: Muscle types Flashcards
how many muscles are in the body?
640
what % of body weight is muscle?
40%
what are muscle fibres made up of?
strands of muscle fibres
whats the function of muscle fibres?
to maximise performance
what are the different types of muscle fibres?
-Type 1
-Type 2:
Type 2A, Type 2X
what are type 1 muscle fibres also known as?
-slow twitch
describe the characteristics of a type 1(slow twitch) muscle fibre
-slow contraction(110ms)
- low force
-red
-slow to fatigue
-rich blood supply and contains many mitochondria to sustain aerobic metabolism
-high capillary density
-high capacity for aerobic exercise
-low capacity for anaerobic exercise
what is the type 2A muscle fibre also known as?
fast oxidative glycolytic
what are the characteristics of a Type 2A muscle fibre(fast oxidative glycolytic)?
-fast contractions(50m/s)
-Red
-high contraction force
-large in size
-used when in moderate to high intensity
-fatiguability is less resistant than 2X
-low capillary density
-medium capacity for aerobic and anaerobic respiration
what are the characteristics of a Type 2X muscle fibre(fast glycolic)?
-fast contractions(50m/s)
-white
-high force of contraction
-used in high intensity exercise
-large in size
-low amount of mitochondria and myoglobin
-low capillary density
-low aerobic capacity
-high anaerobic capacity
what are the 3 types of muscles?
smooth, cardiac and skeletal
what’s the structure of smooth muscle?
smooth muscle which consists of thick and thin filaments that are not arranged into sarcomeres giving it a non-striated pattern.
whats the function of a smooth muscle?
breaking down food and transporting blood around around the body via the digestion and circulatory system
location of smooth muscle?
small and large intestine
what type of nucleus does a smooth muscle cell have?
a single central nucleus controlled by an autonomic nervous system
why is smooth muscle important for sport and exercise?
It controls blood flow and the body is in need of oxygenated blood during sport and exercise
Are the use of smooth muscle cells voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
do smooth muscle cells fatigue?
no
where else can smooth muscle cells be found?
in the tunica media
what centre controls the vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the smooth muscle cells in the tunica media?
vasomotor centre
where is the vasomotor centre?
in the medulla oblongata
structure of skeletal muscles?
arranged in rows of fibres
function of skeletal muscles?
movement/ co-ordinated contractions
location of skeletal muscles?
attached to joints
what type of nucleus does a skeletal muscle cell have and where Is it located?
they have multiple nuclei on the peripheral
why is skeletal muscle important for sport and exercise?
it allows movement
what are skeletal muscles controlled by?
a central nervous system
If skeletal muscles are controlled by a CNS then are they voluntary or involuntary?
voluntary as we choose to move them
do skeletal muscles fatigue?
yes
structure of a cardiac muscle?
tubular structure
function of a cardiac muscle?
contractions from 60-80 times a minute
location of cardiac muscle?
heart/myocardium
why type of nucleus does a cardiac muscle cell have?
a single central nucleus which makes the heart have myogenic contractions
why are cardiac muscles important in sport and exercise?
they help to regenerate oxygen blood and supply it to the body
is the use of a cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
do cardiac muscles fatigue?
no
why are the use of both smooth and cardiac muscles involuntary?
Both muscle types are controlled by an autonomic nervous system which isnt’ controlled?
why are the use of skeletal muscles voluntary?
they are controlled by a central nervous system which means we choose to do something
whats meant by a single central nucleus?
1 nucleus in a single muscle cell
what do type 1 have a lot of to sustain aerobic respiration?
-rich blood supply through a high capillary density and many mitochondria
what is myoglobin?
a storage of oxygen
what type of ontractions do smooth muscles have?
Peristaltic contractions
what are peristaltic contractions?
consecutive contractions instead of all all together contractions in order to push food through. For example the fibres at the start will contract first then the middle ones and then the end ones
sporting example for using a type 1 muscle fibre?
Long period of time-marathon
sporting example for using a type 2A muscle fibre?
400m + 800m sprint
sporting example for using a type 2X muscle fibre?
-100m sprint
-1 rep max
-plyometrics/explosive movements
whats a muscle fibre?
single cylindrical muscle cells
why are tendons connected to muscles?
to withstand the forces of contractions
whats a fascia?
a sheet of thick connective tissue which surrounds a muscle
whats the epimysium?
outer layer that surrounds the entire muscle and keeps content together
whats the fasicles?
bundle of skeletal muscle fibres,surrounded by the perimysium
whats the perimysium?
connective tissue around a bundle of muscle fibres, helps separate the facicles
whats the endomysium?
connective tissue around a muscle cell, this surrounds each muscle, this surrounds each muscle fibre
what are myofibril?
thin filaments that make up a muscle fibre
