E1: Muscle types Flashcards
how many muscles are in the body?
640
what % of body weight is muscle?
40%
what are muscle fibres made up of?
strands of muscle fibres
whats the function of muscle fibres?
to maximise performance
what are the different types of muscle fibres?
-Type 1
-Type 2:
Type 2A, Type 2X
what are type 1 muscle fibres also known as?
-slow twitch
describe the characteristics of a type 1(slow twitch) muscle fibre
-slow contraction(110ms)
- low force
-red
-slow to fatigue
-rich blood supply and contains many mitochondria to sustain aerobic metabolism
-high capillary density
-high capacity for aerobic exercise
-low capacity for anaerobic exercise
what is the type 2A muscle fibre also known as?
fast oxidative glycolytic
what are the characteristics of a Type 2A muscle fibre(fast oxidative glycolytic)?
-fast contractions(50m/s)
-Red
-high contraction force
-large in size
-used when in moderate to high intensity
-fatiguability is less resistant than 2X
-low capillary density
-medium capacity for aerobic and anaerobic respiration
what are the characteristics of a Type 2X muscle fibre(fast glycolic)?
-fast contractions(50m/s)
-white
-high force of contraction
-used in high intensity exercise
-large in size
-low amount of mitochondria and myoglobin
-low capillary density
-low aerobic capacity
-high anaerobic capacity
what are the 3 types of muscles?
smooth, cardiac and skeletal
what’s the structure of smooth muscle?
smooth muscle which consists of thick and thin filaments that are not arranged into sarcomeres giving it a non-striated pattern.
whats the function of a smooth muscle?
breaking down food and transporting blood around around the body via the digestion and circulatory system
location of smooth muscle?
small and large intestine
what type of nucleus does a smooth muscle cell have?
a single central nucleus controlled by an autonomic nervous system
why is smooth muscle important for sport and exercise?
It controls blood flow and the body is in need of oxygenated blood during sport and exercise
Are the use of smooth muscle cells voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
do smooth muscle cells fatigue?
no
where else can smooth muscle cells be found?
in the tunica media
what centre controls the vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the smooth muscle cells in the tunica media?
vasomotor centre
where is the vasomotor centre?
in the medulla oblongata