B1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular system

Question 1

what is meant by pulmonary?

Answer 1

heart to lungs

Question 2

what is meant by systemic?

Answer 2

heart to body

Question 3

what blood does the left side of the heart pump?

Answer 3

oxygenated

Question 4

what blood does the right side of the heart pump?

Answer 4

deoxygenated

Question 5

what is the tissue separating the ventricles called?

Answer 5

the septum

Question 6

what’s the twin-layered sack called that the heart sits in?What’s the fluid called?

Answer 6

-pericardium sack
-pericardium fluid

Question 7

how many layers does the heart have?

Answer 7

3 layers

Question 8

what are the layers of the heart called and where are they?

Answer 8

epicardium-outer layer
myocardium-muscle of the heart
endocardium-inner layer

Question 9

what are coronary arteries and what do they do?

Answer 9

blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 10

what are the atria and what do they do?

Answer 10

upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning to the heart

Question 11

what are the ventricles?

Answer 11

the lower chambers of the heart that pump rather oxygenated blood through the aorta or deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery

Question 12

name the atrioventricular valves

Answer 12

tricuspid
bicuspid

Question 13

what side of the heart is the tricuspid and how do you know?

Answer 13

-right side
-tri=3
-right side of the heart has 3 heart strings
OR
-tri before you bi
right then left

Question 14

what side of the heart is the bicuspid and how do you know?

Answer 14

-left side
-bi=2
-left side of the heart has 2 heart strings
OR
-tri before you bi
right then left

Question 15

what are the semilunar valves?

Answer 15

-aortic valve
-pulmonary valve

Question 16

where is the aortic valve located?

Answer 16

between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 17

where is the pulmonary valve located?

Answer 17

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Question 18

what is the chordae tendineae?

Answer 18

chord-like tendons connected to atrioventricular valves (tricuspid & bicuspid) to prevent the valves turning inside out

Question 19

what are the chord like tendons connected to the atrioventricular valves called?

Answer 19

chordae tendineae

Question 20

what the pericardium sack?

Answer 20

a twin layered sack located around the heart which contains pericardium fluid in between layers.

Question 21

what’s the septum?

Answer 21

wall of tissue between the ventricles

Question 22

which blood vessel supplies the blood with oxygen?

Answer 22

coronary arteries

Question 23

what does the pericardium sack do?

Answer 23

prevent friction of the lungs and heart

Question 24

what’s the papillary muscle?

Answer 24

muscles below the chordae tendineae that contract to close the valves

Question 25

whats the muscle connected to the chordae tendineae called?

Answer 25

papillary muscle

Question 26

what does the aorta do?

Answer 26

transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

Question 27

what does the superior vena cava do?

Answer 27

carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium

Question 28

what does the inferior vena cava do?

Answer 28

carries deoxygenated blood away from the lower body to the right atrium

Question 29

what does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 29

carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle and to the lungs

Question 30

how is the pulmonary artery different to other arteries?

Answer 30

it is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

Question 31

what does the pulmonary vein do?

Answer 31

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?

Question 32

how is the pulmonary vein different to other veins?

Answer 32

it is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood

Question 33

what type of valves are the aortic and pulmonary valves?

Answer 33

semilunar valves

Question 34

what is the tunica externa

Answer 34

-the outer wall of blood vessels -made from collagen fibres that protect + reinforce the vessel + keep it in the body structure

Question 35

what is the tunica media

Answer 35

-made up of smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue -depending on what the body needs, it will do vasodilation(relax and dilate) or vasoconstriction(contract and tighten)

Question 36

what is the tunica intima

Answer 36

it lines the lumen and creates a slick surface, minimising friction as blood passes through.

Question 37

what is the tunica intima

Answer 37

it lines the lumen and creates a slick surface, minimising friction as blood passes through.

Question 38

what is the structure of arteries?

Answer 38

-thick muscular walls -elastic cartilage -smooth muscle -smaller lumen, no valves

Question 39

whats the function of arteries?

Answer 39

-to carry blood away from the heart -muscular walls contract and relax to pump blood

Question 40

examples of arteries?

Answer 40

-aorta -pulmonary artery

Question 41

structure of arterioles

Answer 41

-little arteries that split from main arteries

Question 42

function of arterioles?

Answer 42

slow down rate of blood flow

Question 43

what is the structure capillaries

Answer 43

-tiny vessels -walls are semi-permeable(tiny spaces) so diffusion of CO2 and O2 occurs

Question 44

whats the function of capillaries

Answer 44

to allow diffusion(gas moves from a high to a low concentration)

Question 45

how big are capillaries?

Answer 45

1 cell thick

Question 46

what is the band of smooth muscle that is between the artiole and capillary

Answer 46

the pre-capillary sphincter

Question 47

what is the band of smooth muscle that is between the artiole and capillary

Answer 47

the pre-capillary sphincter

Question 48

what does the pre-capillary sphincter do?

Answer 48

contract and relax to control blood flow

Question 49

where does the pre-capillary sphincter reside?

Answer 49

between the artioles and capillaries

Question 50

structure of venules

Answer 50

-smaller branches that feed from capillaries to the veins

Question 51

how big are venules?

Answer 51

smaller than veins

Question 52

structure of veins?

Answer 52

-thinner and less elastic -smooth muscular walls -large lumen -valves to prevent back flow from gravity

Question 53

function of veins ?

Answer 53

carry blood back to the heart

Question 54

size of veins?

Answer 54

smaller than arteries but bigger than capillaries

Question 55

examples of veins?

Answer 55

-Vena cava -pulmonary vein

Question 56

where are capillaries?

Answer 56

in between the arterioles and the venules

Question 57

what are the 4 main components of blood?

Answer 57

-Erythrocytes(RBC) -Leucocytes(WBC) -Plasma -Thrombocytes

Question 58

What do erythrocytes do?

Answer 58

-carry oxygen to all living tissues -contains haemoglobin,giving blood its red colour

Question 59

structure of erythrocytes?

Answer 59

-round flat discs with indent shape giving it a large surface area

Question 60

what is plasma?

Answer 60

straw coloured liquid in which all blood cells are carried in

Question 61

structure of plasma?

Answer 61

-90% water -contains electrolytes -carries CO2, dissolved as carbonic acid

Question 62

what are leucocytes?

Answer 62

-components of blood that protect from infections -identify,destroy and remove any pathogens such as bacteria and viruses -originate in bone marrow

Question 63

what are thrombocytes?

Answer 63

-disc shaped cells that are produced in bone marrow -its primary function is clotting blood, sticking to damaged areas and forming a temporary plug to seal the break

Question 64

what is the anatomical term for RBC?

Answer 64

erythrocytes

Question 65

what is the anatomical term for WBC?

Answer 65

leucocytes

Question 66

what is the anatomical term for platelets?

Answer 66

thrombocytes

Question 67

what is the anatomical term for platelets?

Answer 67

thrombocytes

Question 68

what percent of blood is plasma?

Answer 68

55%