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Unit 2: Functional Anatomy🫀 > B1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

B1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular system Flashcards

Anatomy of the cardiovascular system

1
Q

what is meant by pulmonary?

A

heart to lungs

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2
Q

what is meant by systemic?

A

heart to body

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3
Q

what blood does the left side of the heart pump?

A

oxygenated

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4
Q

what blood does the right side of the heart pump?

A

deoxygenated

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5
Q

what is the tissue separating the ventricles called?

A

the septum

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6
Q

what’s the twin-layered sack called that the heart sits in?What’s the fluid called?

A

-pericardium sack
-pericardium fluid

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7
Q

how many layers does the heart have?

A

3 layers

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8
Q

what are the layers of the heart called and where are they?

A

epicardium-outer layer
myocardium-muscle of the heart
endocardium-inner layer

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9
Q

what are coronary arteries and what do they do?

A

blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart

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10
Q

what are the atria and what do they do?

A

upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning to the heart

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11
Q

what are the ventricles?

A

the lower chambers of the heart that pump rather oxygenated blood through the aorta or deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery

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12
Q

name the atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid
bicuspid

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13
Q

what side of the heart is the tricuspid and how do you know?

A

-right side
-tri=3
-right side of the heart has 3 heart strings
OR
-tri before you bi
right then left

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14
Q

what side of the heart is the bicuspid and how do you know?

A

-left side
-bi=2
-left side of the heart has 2 heart strings
OR
-tri before you bi
right then left

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15
Q

what are the semilunar valves?

A

-aortic valve
-pulmonary valve

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16
Q

where is the aortic valve located?

A

between the left ventricle and the aorta

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17
Q

where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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18
Q

what is the chordae tendineae?

A

chord-like tendons connected to atrioventricular valves (tricuspid & bicuspid) to prevent the valves turning inside out

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19
Q

what are the chord like tendons connected to the atrioventricular valves called?

A

chordae tendineae

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20
Q

what the pericardium sack?

A

a twin layered sack located around the heart which contains pericardium fluid in between layers.

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21
Q

what’s the septum?

A

wall of tissue between the ventricles

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22
Q

which blood vessel supplies the blood with oxygen?

A

coronary arteries

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23
Q

what does the pericardium sack do?

A

prevent friction of the lungs and heart

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24
Q

what’s the papillary muscle?

A

muscles below the chordae tendineae that contract to close the valves

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25
Q

whats the muscle connected to the chordae tendineae called?

A

papillary muscle

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26
Q

what does the aorta do?

A

transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

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27
Q

what does the superior vena cava do?

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium

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28
Q

what does the inferior vena cava do?

A

carries deoxygenated blood away from the lower body to the right atrium

29
Q

what does the pulmonary artery do?

A

carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle and to the lungs

30
Q

how is the pulmonary artery different to other arteries?

A

it is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

31
Q

what does the pulmonary vein do?

A

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?

32
Q

how is the pulmonary vein different to other veins?

A

it is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood

33
Q

what type of valves are the aortic and pulmonary valves?

A

semilunar valves

34
Q

what is the tunica externa

A

-the outer wall of blood vessels
-made from collagen fibres that protect + reinforce the vessel + keep it in the body structure

35
Q

what is the tunica media

A

-made up of smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue
-depending on what the body needs, it will do vasodilation(relax and dilate) or vasoconstriction(contract and tighten)

36
Q

what is the tunica intima

A

it lines the lumen and creates a slick surface, minimising friction as blood passes through.

37
Q

what is the tunica intima

A

it lines the lumen and creates a slick surface, minimising friction as blood passes through.

38
Q

what is the structure of arteries?

A

-thick muscular walls
-elastic cartilage
-smooth muscle
-smaller lumen, no valves

39
Q

whats the function of arteries?

A

-to carry blood away from the heart
-muscular walls contract and relax to pump blood

40
Q

examples of arteries?

A

-aorta
-pulmonary artery

41
Q

structure of arterioles

A

-little arteries that split from main arteries

42
Q

function of arterioles?

A

slow down rate of blood flow

43
Q

what is the structure capillaries

A

-tiny vessels
-walls are semi-permeable(tiny spaces) so diffusion of CO2 and O2 occurs

44
Q

whats the function of capillaries

A

to allow diffusion(gas moves from a high to a low concentration)

45
Q

how big are capillaries?

A

1 cell thick

46
Q

what is the band of smooth muscle that is between the artiole and capillary

A

the pre-capillary sphincter

47
Q

what is the band of smooth muscle that is between the artiole and capillary

A

the pre-capillary sphincter

48
Q

what does the pre-capillary sphincter do?

A

contract and relax to control blood flow

49
Q

where does the pre-capillary sphincter reside?

A

between the artioles and capillaries

50
Q

structure of venules

A

-smaller branches that feed from capillaries to the veins

51
Q

how big are venules?

A

smaller than veins

52
Q

structure of veins?

A

-thinner and less elastic
-smooth muscular walls
-large lumen
-valves to prevent back flow from gravity

53
Q

function of veins ?

A

carry blood back to the heart

54
Q

size of veins?

A

smaller than arteries but bigger than capillaries

55
Q

examples of veins?

A

-Vena cava
-pulmonary vein

56
Q

where are capillaries?

A

in between the arterioles and the venules

57
Q

what are the 4 main components of blood?

A

-Erythrocytes(RBC)
-Leucocytes(WBC)
-Plasma
-Thrombocytes

58
Q

What do erythrocytes do?

A

-carry oxygen to all living tissues
-contains haemoglobin,giving blood its red colour

59
Q

structure of erythrocytes?

A

-round flat discs with indent shape giving it a large surface area

60
Q

what is plasma?

A

straw coloured liquid in which all blood cells are carried in

61
Q

structure of plasma?

A

-90% water
-contains electrolytes
-carries CO2, dissolved as carbonic acid

62
Q

what are leucocytes?

A

-components of blood that protect from infections
-identify,destroy and remove any pathogens such as bacteria and viruses
-originate in bone marrow

63
Q

what are thrombocytes?

A

-disc shaped cells that are produced in bone marrow
-its primary function is clotting blood, sticking to damaged areas and forming a temporary plug to seal the break

64
Q

what is the anatomical term for RBC?

A

erythrocytes

65
Q

what is the anatomical term for WBC?

A

leucocytes

66
Q

what is the anatomical term for platelets?

A

thrombocytes

67
Q

what is the anatomical term for platelets?

A

thrombocytes

68
Q

what percent of blood is plasma?

A

55%

Unit 2: Functional Anatomy🫀 (16 decks)

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