B2:the functions of the cardiovascular system Flashcards
what are the 4 functions of the cardiovascular system?
-cardiac system-pulmonary & systemic
-control blood flow
-fight infection
-clot blood
explain the pulmonary cardiac cycle
-Gets rid of waste products
-Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the pulmonary artery to the lungs to expire.
- Allows the blood to be re-oxygenated at the lungs
how does the pulmonary cardiac cycle link to exercise
-More CO2 is produced from working muscles during aerobic respiration.
-it needs to be removed
explain the systemic cardiac cycle
• RBC carry Oxygen (O2) as Oxyhaemoglobin to muscle cells.
• Plasma transports nutrients for respiration (Glucose/ Fatty Acids)
• Lactic Acid diffuses into the blood and taken away from
how does the systemic cardiac cycle link to exercise
More blood is delivered to working muscles
Oxyhaemoglobin transports O2 to muscles cells and used by mitochondria in aerobic respiration
Enough O2= decrease in lactic acid accumulation
Not enough O2= increase in fatigue as lactic increase.
More lactic acid is produced during anaerobic exercise –
Anaerobic respiration and cause fatigue/ poor performance if not removed.
CO2 and Lactic acid removed from muscle cells.
Essentially, erythrocytes are transporting O2 to working muscles in order to reduce the accumulation of lactic acid which can cause fatigue
explain how the cardiovascular system controls blood flow
The redirection of blood occurs through something called the Vascular Shunt.
• When exercising your working skeletal muscles require the supply of oxygen and/or nutrients.
• This occurs by your blood vessels vasodilating (Lumen Widening) and Vasoconstrict (Lumen Narrowing).
• Around the working muscles your blood vessels will Vasodilate (widen) to allow an increased blood flow which will deliver oxygen and nutrients quicker.
• The Pre-capillary Sphincters (rings of smooth muscle around the Arterioles) will relax to allow blood to pass from Arterioles>Capillaries.
• non-working skeletal muscle- blood vessels will Vasoconstrict
(narrow) to reduces or stop the amount of blood flow to organs and non-work
muscles.
what is thermoregulation?
-ensuring the body is at optimal temperature
-Releasing heat as a byproduct of exercising. Blood is sent to your vessels close to the surface of the skin to keep the body temperature down.
-Blood vessels at the surface of the skin vasodilate to allow heat to escape and keep the bodies temperate regulated. -Pink/ Red faces during exercise.
-Blood vessels away from the skins vasoconstrict to prevent blood flowing and creating
more heat.
how does the cardiovascular system help to fight infection?
White Blood Cells (Leucocytes) are transported in the blood to
infection sites.
-Lymphatic system also protects against infection.
-Lymph nodes store infection fighting WBC-Lymphocytes.
why does being able to fighting infection link to exercise?
-Sport can lead to injuries so an ability to fight infection is key.
-An athlete being affected by infection or virus could lead to time out of performing; playing & training.
-Strong immune system can prevent or reduce time away from exercise.
why does being able to fighting infection link to exercise?
-Sport can lead to injuries so an ability to fight infection is key.
-An athlete being affected by infection or virus could lead to time out of performing; playing & training.
-Strong immune system can prevent or reduce time away from exercise.
why does the cardiovascular system help to be able to clot blood?
• Platelets in the blood join together to stop blood loss and create scabs.
• Platelets release chemicals cells which work with Fibrinogen proteins to create a ‘mesh’ across the wound.
how does clotting blood link to exercise
Blood vessel repair through clotting to allow athletes to continue to participate in exercise.
Constant supply of blood via CV system
enables clotting to occur.
what is the lymphatic system
•a drainage system and forms
part of the immune system.
• This system is used to get rid of excess fluid that isn’t reabsorb into the blood and waste products are removed through excretion of urine and faeces.
whats the lymphatic system responsible for?
• This system is responsible for transporting a clear watery fluid known as lymph.
whats lymph?
• Lymph contains white blood cells (lymphocytes), debris of other cells and bacteria
