C1: Anatomy of the respiratory systems

Question 1

main functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

-inhale O2
-exhale CO2

Question 2

why do our breathing rates increase during exercise?

Answer 2

having to get rid of CO2 from muscles

Question 3

structure of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

-system made up of tubes and muscles delivering air
-2 lungs running the length of the rib cage; right side is slightly larger than the left(space for the heart)

Question 4

Inspiration and expiration of nitrogen?

Answer 4

inspiration-78%
expiration-78%

Question 5

Inspiration and expiration of O2

Answer 5

inspiration-21%
expiration-17%

Question 6

Inspiration and expiration of CO2

Answer 6

inspiration-0.04%
expiration-4%

Question 7

what is the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

-air enters the nose
-lined with mucus,to ensure no dust or other particles reach the lungs

Question 8

function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

when you breathe through nose, 3changes occur:
-warmed
-filtered
-moistened

Question 9

what the pharynx?

Answer 9

-air enters the pharynx through the nasal cavity
-used to swallow and food and air pass through this passageway- food is directed to the oesophagus

Question 10

where is the pharynx located?

Answer 10

-behind the nose and mouth, both cavities open into it

Question 11

function of the pharynx?

Answer 11

connects the nasal cavity to larynx

Question 12

what is the epiglottis?

Answer 12

-is a flexible flap of elastic cartilage lying on the top of the larynx

Question 13

function of the epiglottis?

Answer 13

-closes over the trachea when we swallow food or water to stop it going to our lungs
-ensures right chemicals are going to the lungs

Question 14

what is the larynx?

Answer 14

-voice box
-a box like cartilage-9 cartilages

Question 15

what does the epiglottis separate?

Answer 15

the pharynx and the larynx

Question 16

function of the larnyx?

Answer 16

-voice production and protects windpipe

Question 17

whats the trachea?

Answer 17

-C shaped cartilage ring
-windpipe
-10-12 cm long

Question 18

structure of the trachea?

Answer 18

C shaped cartilage rings

Question 19

function of the trachea?

Answer 19

-transports air to the bronchi
-c shape cartilage prevents collapsing and remains flexible

Question 20

what are the bronchi?

Answer 20

-the trachea divides into 2 branches(bronchi) for each lung
-walls are supported by cartilage to keep both bronchi open for air

Question 21

what are bronchioles?

Question 22

function of bronchioles?

Answer 22

-held open permanently to allow air to pass
-help stabilise breathing

Question 23

structure of alveoli?

Answer 23

-tiny air sacs that look like a bunch of grapes
-1 cell thick
-have a large surface area which allows gaseous exchange to occur quicker
-lined with film of water to keep shape and increase surface area further

Question 24

what is the function of alveoli?

Answer 24

to allow gas exchange of O2 and CO2

Question 25

what is the flow chart of the respiratory system?

Answer 25

Nasal/Oral cavity -> Pharynx -> Epiglottis -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli

Question 26

whats the thoracic cavity?

Answer 26

hollow space that surrounds the lungs and heart

Question 27

what are the parts around the thoracic cavity?

Answer 27

-parietal cavity -pleural cavity -visceral pleura

Question 28

what does the parietal cavity do?

Answer 28

-lines the TC and the superior half of the diaphragm

Question 29

where is the pleural cavity?

Answer 29

-between visceral and parietal and is a fluid filled space

Question 30

what is the visceral pleura?

Answer 30

slippery thin membrane that covers the surface of the lungs to prevent friction in the TC

Question 31

what are the smaller bits of the lungs called?

Answer 31

the lobes

Question 32

what are the smaller bits of the lungs called?

Answer 32

the lobes

Question 33

how many loves does the right lung have?

Answer 33

3

Question 34

how many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 34

2

Question 35

how many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

why does the right lung have more lobes than the left?

Answer 36

because the heart is on the left side and so there needs to be room for the heart

Question 37

why does the right lung have more lobes than the left?

Answer 37

because the heart is on the left side and so there needs to be room for the heart

Question 38

is the trachea anterior or posterior?

Answer 38

anterior to the oesophagus

Question 39

is the oesophagus anterior or posterior?

Answer 39

posterior to the trachea

Question 40

is the oesophagus anterior or posterior?

Answer 40

posterior to the trachea

Question 41

what bones makes up the thoracic cavity?

Answer 41

-ribs -sternum -vertebrae column