C1: Anatomy of the respiratory systems Flashcards
main functions of the respiratory system?
-inhale O2
-exhale CO2
why do our breathing rates increase during exercise?
having to get rid of CO2 from muscles
structure of the respiratory system?
-system made up of tubes and muscles delivering air
-2 lungs running the length of the rib cage; right side is slightly larger than the left(space for the heart)
Inspiration and expiration of nitrogen?
inspiration-78%
expiration-78%
Inspiration and expiration of O2
inspiration-21%
expiration-17%
Inspiration and expiration of CO2
inspiration-0.04%
expiration-4%
what is the nasal cavity?
-air enters the nose
-lined with mucus,to ensure no dust or other particles reach the lungs
function of the nasal cavity?
when you breathe through nose, 3changes occur:
-warmed
-filtered
-moistened
what the pharynx?
-air enters the pharynx through the nasal cavity
-used to swallow and food and air pass through this passageway- food is directed to the oesophagus
where is the pharynx located?
-behind the nose and mouth, both cavities open into it
function of the pharynx?
connects the nasal cavity to larynx
what is the epiglottis?
-is a flexible flap of elastic cartilage lying on the top of the larynx
function of the epiglottis?
-closes over the trachea when we swallow food or water to stop it going to our lungs
-ensures right chemicals are going to the lungs
what is the larynx?
-voice box
-a box like cartilage-9 cartilages
what does the epiglottis separate?
the pharynx and the larynx
function of the larnyx?
-voice production and protects windpipe
whats the trachea?
-C shaped cartilage ring
-windpipe
-10-12 cm long
structure of the trachea?
C shaped cartilage rings
function of the trachea?
-transports air to the bronchi
-c shape cartilage prevents collapsing and remains flexible
what are the bronchi?
-the trachea divides into 2 branches(bronchi) for each lung
-walls are supported by cartilage to keep both bronchi open for air
what are bronchioles?
function of bronchioles?
-held open permanently to allow air to pass
-help stabilise breathing
structure of alveoli?
-tiny air sacs that look like a bunch of grapes
-1 cell thick
-have a large surface area which allows gaseous exchange to occur quicker
-lined with film of water to keep shape and increase surface area further
what is the function of alveoli?
to allow gas exchange of O2 and CO2
what is the flow chart of the respiratory system?
Nasal/Oral cavity -> Pharynx -> Epiglottis -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli
whats the thoracic cavity?
hollow space that surrounds the lungs and heart
what are the parts around the thoracic cavity?
-parietal cavity
-pleural cavity
-visceral pleura
what does the parietal cavity do?
-lines the TC and the superior half of the diaphragm
where is the pleural cavity?
-between visceral and parietal and is a fluid filled space
what is the visceral pleura?
slippery thin membrane that covers the surface of the lungs to prevent friction in the TC
what are the smaller bits of the lungs called?
the lobes
what are the smaller bits of the lungs called?
the lobes
how many loves does the right lung have?
3
how many lobes does the left lung have?
2
how many lobes does the left lung have?
2
why does the right lung have more lobes than the left?
because the heart is on the left side and so there needs to be room for the heart
why does the right lung have more lobes than the left?
because the heart is on the left side and so there needs to be room for the heart
is the trachea anterior or posterior?
anterior to the oesophagus
is the oesophagus anterior or posterior?
posterior to the trachea
is the oesophagus anterior or posterior?
posterior to the trachea
what bones makes up the thoracic cavity?
-ribs
-sternum
-vertebrae column
