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Unit 2: Functional Anatomy🫀 > D5: Joints > Flashcards

D5: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what are joints also known as?

A

articulations

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2
Q

how many joints are there in the human body?

A

350

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3
Q

what do joints attach together?

A

bone to bone

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4
Q

what are joints lubricated by?

A

synovial fluid to help movement

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5
Q

what are the 3 different classifications of joints?

A

-fixed
-slightly moveable
-freely moveable

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6
Q

what are the 6 major types of synovial joints?

A

-pivot
-hinge
-condyloid
-ball and socket
-saddle
-gliding

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7
Q

how many types classification of joints are there?

A

3

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8
Q

how many types of synovial joints are there?

A

6

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9
Q

what are fixed joints known as?

A

-fibrous joints

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10
Q

what are fixed joints?

A

joints that are held together by bands of tough fibrous tissue

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11
Q

movement in fixed joints?

A

no range of movement

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12
Q

example of a fixed joint?

A

cranium

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13
Q

what is slightly moveable also known as?

A

cartilaginous joints

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14
Q

movement of slightly moveable joints?

A

slight range of movement

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15
Q

how do cartilaginous joints work?

A

-when bent too far, cartilage stops them
-ends of bones are covered in articular cartilage to prevent friction
-bones are separated by pads of fibrocartilage

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16
Q

example of a slightly moveable joints?

A

vertebrae column

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17
Q

what are freely moveable joints also known as?

A

synovial joints

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18
Q

movement in a freely moveable joint?

A

wide range of movement

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19
Q

what do freely moveable joints have to increase movement?

A

large amount of lubrication/synovial fluid

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20
Q

example of a freely moveable joint?

A

-ball and socket joint-shoulder and hip

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21
Q

what is a fibrous capsule?

A

-keeps content of a synovial joint in place

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22
Q

whats a synovial membrane?

A

-releases synovial fluid into the joint

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23
Q

what is synovial fluid?

A

thick oil like solution that lubricates the joint and allows movement

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24
Q

what is cartilage?

A

flexible connective tissue that protects and prevents friction of bones

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25
Q

what is cartilage?

A

flexible connective tissue that protects and prevents friction of bones

26
Q

what is the bursa?

A

-a sac filled with synovial fluid
-prevents friction between bones, bones and muscles, bones and tendons

27
Q

where is the bursa?

A

in the joint cavity

28
Q

what does a hinge joint do?

A

-allow flexion and extension movement in 1 direction

29
Q

example of a hinge joint?

A

elbow
knee

30
Q

what do pivot joints do?

A

allow rotational movement and consists of cylindrical surface at one end which rotates within a ring like structure made of bone.

31
Q

where to find a pivot joint?

A

-in the neck between the top 2 vertebrae

32
Q

what is a gliding joint?

A

-joint that has limited direction movement

33
Q

where to find gliding joint?

A

-carpels and tarsels

34
Q

what do condyloid joints do?

A

-allow movement across 2 planes called biaxial:
-bend and straighten
-side to side

35
Q

examples of condyloid joints?

A

-wrist
-metacarpals
-phalanges

36
Q

what does a saddle joint do?

A

allows joints to move in 3 planes:
-forward and back
-side to side
-across

37
Q

example of a saddle joint?

A

thumb

38
Q

example of a ball and socket joint?

A

shoulder and hip

39
Q

what do ball and socket joints do?

A

allow movement in all directions

40
Q

structure of a hinge joint?

A

convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another

41
Q

structure of a ball and socket joint?

A

spherical head of one bone fits into a rounded socket of another bone

42
Q

structure of a pivot joint?

A

one bone rotates around another bone

43
Q

structure of a condyloid joint?

A

oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptic cavity of another bone

44
Q

structure of a saddle joint?

A

convex and concave surfaces interlock to resemble a saddle

45
Q

structure of a gliding joint?

A

flat or slightly curved surfaces slide over each other

46
Q

how many types of body planes are there?

A

3

47
Q

what are the 3 different types of planes of the body?

A

-sagittal
-frontal
-transverse

48
Q

what is a plane?

A

an imaginary flat surface running through the body

49
Q

whats a sagittal plane?

A

vertical plane that separates the body into left and right sides

50
Q

what movements the sagittal plane include?

A

-extension
-flexion
-dorsiflexion
-plantarflexion

51
Q

what is the frontal plane separating?

A

the body into front and back halves

52
Q

what movements does the frontal plane have?

A

adduction and abduction

53
Q

whats the transverse plane separating?

A

the body into top and bottom?

54
Q

what movements do the transverse plane include?

A

-rotation
-circumduction
-pronation
-supination
-horizontal flexion(adduction)
-horizontal extension(abduction)

55
Q

what movements are permitted at a hinge joint?

A

-flexion
-extension
-plantarflexion
-dorsiflexion

56
Q

what movements are permitted at a pivot joint?

A

-rotation

57
Q

what movements are permitted at a gliding joint?

A

-lateral flexion
-unique movements(sliding)

58
Q

what movements are permitted at a condyloid joint?

A

-flexion
-extension
-circumduction
-adduction
-abduction

59
Q

what movements are permitted at a saddle joint?

A

-flexion
-extension
-rotation
-circumduction
-adduction
-abduction

60
Q

what movements are permitted at a ball and socket joint?

A

-flexion
-extension
-rotation
-circumduction
-adduction
-abduction

Unit 2: Functional Anatomy🫀 (16 decks)

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