D5: Joints Flashcards
what are joints also known as?
articulations
how many joints are there in the human body?
350
what do joints attach together?
bone to bone
what are joints lubricated by?
synovial fluid to help movement
what are the 3 different classifications of joints?
-fixed
-slightly moveable
-freely moveable
what are the 6 major types of synovial joints?
-pivot
-hinge
-condyloid
-ball and socket
-saddle
-gliding
how many types classification of joints are there?
3
how many types of synovial joints are there?
6
what are fixed joints known as?
-fibrous joints
what are fixed joints?
joints that are held together by bands of tough fibrous tissue
movement in fixed joints?
no range of movement
example of a fixed joint?
cranium
what is slightly moveable also known as?
cartilaginous joints
movement of slightly moveable joints?
slight range of movement
how do cartilaginous joints work?
-when bent too far, cartilage stops them
-ends of bones are covered in articular cartilage to prevent friction
-bones are separated by pads of fibrocartilage
example of a slightly moveable joints?
vertebrae column
what are freely moveable joints also known as?
synovial joints
movement in a freely moveable joint?
wide range of movement
what do freely moveable joints have to increase movement?
large amount of lubrication/synovial fluid
example of a freely moveable joint?
-ball and socket joint-shoulder and hip
what is a fibrous capsule?
-keeps content of a synovial joint in place
whats a synovial membrane?
-releases synovial fluid into the joint
what is synovial fluid?
thick oil like solution that lubricates the joint and allows movement
what is cartilage?
flexible connective tissue that protects and prevents friction of bones
what is cartilage?
flexible connective tissue that protects and prevents friction of bones
what is the bursa?
-a sac filled with synovial fluid
-prevents friction between bones, bones and muscles, bones and tendons
where is the bursa?
in the joint cavity
what does a hinge joint do?
-allow flexion and extension movement in 1 direction
example of a hinge joint?
elbow
knee
what do pivot joints do?
allow rotational movement and consists of cylindrical surface at one end which rotates within a ring like structure made of bone.
where to find a pivot joint?
-in the neck between the top 2 vertebrae
what is a gliding joint?
-joint that has limited direction movement
where to find gliding joint?
-carpels and tarsels
what do condyloid joints do?
-allow movement across 2 planes called biaxial:
-bend and straighten
-side to side
examples of condyloid joints?
-wrist
-metacarpals
-phalanges
what does a saddle joint do?
allows joints to move in 3 planes:
-forward and back
-side to side
-across
example of a saddle joint?
thumb
example of a ball and socket joint?
shoulder and hip
what do ball and socket joints do?
allow movement in all directions
structure of a hinge joint?
concave surface of one bone fits into the convex surface of another
structure of a ball and socket joint?
spherical head of one bone fits into a rounded socket of another bone
structure of a pivot joint?
one bone rotates around another bone
structure of a condyloid joint?
oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptic cavity of another bone
structure of a saddle joint?
convex and concave surfaces interlock to resemble a saddle
structure of a gliding joint?
flat or slightly curved surfaces slide over each other
how many types of body planes are there?
3
what are the 3 different types of planes of the body?
-sagittal
-frontal
-transverse
what is a plane?
an imaginary flat surface running through the body
whats a sagittal plane?
vertical plane that separates the body into left and right sides
what movements the sagittal plane include?
-extension
-flexion
-dorsiflexion
-plantarflexion
what is the frontal plane separating?
the body into front and back halves
what movements does the frontal plane have?
adduction and abduction
whats the transverse plane separating?
the body into top and bottom?
what movements do the transverse plane include?
-rotation
-circumduction
-pronation
-supination
-horizontal flexion(adduction)
-horizontal extension(abduction)
what movements are permitted at a hinge joint?
-flexion
-extension
-plantarflexion
-dorsiflexion
what movements are permitted at a pivot joint?
-rotation
what movements are permitted at a gliding joint?
-lateral flexion
-unique movements(sliding)
what movements are permitted at a condyloid joint?
-flexion
-extension
-circumduction
-adduction
-abduction
what movements are permitted at a saddle joint?
-flexion
-extension
-rotation
-circumduction
-adduction
-abduction
what movements are permitted at a ball and socket joint?
-flexion
-extension
-rotation
-circumduction
-adduction
-abduction
