DSA | Autonomic Pharmacology (Kruse) Flashcards by Jaime Weber

What is the major neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?

What are the receptors?

ACh

nAChR, mAChR

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What is the major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system?

What are the receptors?

NE, Epi, DA, ACh

Receptors: alpha, beta, (D), nAChR, mAChR

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Acetylcholine

Cholinergic/Adrenergic?

Cholinergic

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Norepinephrine

Cholinergic/Adrenergic?

Adrenergic

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Epinephrine

Cholinergic/Adrenergic?

Adrenergic

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What is the major neurotransmitter of the PNS vs the SNS?

PNS : Acetylcholine

SNS: Norepinephrine

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What is the precursor to NE and Epi?

Dopamine

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Synthesis of epinephrine only occurs in __________

The adrenal medulla

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Describe the basics of cholinergic neurotransmission

ACh synthesis
ACh storage
ACh release
ACh destruction

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nACHR (ionotropic)

Tissue location:

Function:

Agonists:

Tissue location: CNS, Autonomic Ganglia, Adrenal medula

Function: Excitatory, release of catecholamines

Agonists: ACh, Nicotine

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mAChR (metabotropic)

Tissue location:

Function:

Agonists:

Tissue location: CNS, Autonomic ganglia, effector organs, sweat glands

Function: Excitatory and inhibitory, sweat secretion

Agonists: ACh, Muscarine

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Location

Structural Features

Mechanism

Location: CNS, ganglia

Structural Features: GPCR, Gq/11

Mechanism: Actication of PLC, IP2, DAG cascade

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Location

Structural Features

Mechanism

Location: Heart, nerves, smooth muscle

Structural Features: GPCR, Gi/o

Mechanism: Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC); decreases cAMP production, activation of K+ channels

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Location

Structural Features

Mechanism

Location: Glands, smooth muscle, endothelium

Structural Features: GPCR, Gq/11

Mechanism: Activation of PLC, IP3, DAG cascade

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Location

Structural Features

Mechanism

Location: CNS

Structural Features: GPCR, G i/o

Mechanism: Inhibition of AC, decrease cAMP production, activation of K+ channels

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Location

Structural Features

Mechanism

Location: CNS

Structural Features: GPCR, Gq/11

Mechanism: Activation of PLC, IP3, DAG cascade

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Location

Structural Features

Mechanism

Location: Skeletal muscle neuromuscular junction

Structural Features: Ligand gated ion channel

Mechanism: N+, K+ depolarizing ion channel

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Location

Structural Features

Mechanism

Location: Postganglionic cell body, Dendrites, CNS

Structural Features: Ligand gated ion channel

Mechanism: N+, K+ depolarizing ion channel

Describe the basic mechanism of the adrenergic nerve terminal

Synthesis
Storage
Release
Reuptake

What is the precursor for all catecholamines?

Tyrosine

Describe the pathway how Epinephrine is created

Tyrosine –> DOPA –> Dopamine –> Norepinephrine –> Epinephrine

What transports Tyrosine into the nerve terminal?

Na+ dependent tyrosine transporter

What transports NE, Epi, DA and serotonin into vesicles?

Vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT - 2)

What imports NE into the nerve terminal?

NE Transporter (NET)

What drug blocks NE transporters (NET)?

Cocaine \*increases concentration of NE in the synapse

What is the major mechanism used to terminate actions of catecholamines?

Reuptake into the nerve terminals via **NET** (norepinephrine transporter) and **DAT** (dopamine transporter)

After reuptake, catecholamines are stored in vesicles by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

VMAT-2

What is the secondary method of terminatng actions of catecholamines?

Metabolism (2 enzymes) Monoamine oxidase (MAO) Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

Alpha receptors exhist as ___ subtypes

2 Alpha1, Alpha2

Beta receptors exhist as ___ subtypes

3 B1, B2, B3

Dopamine receptors exhist as ___ subtypes

5 D1, D2, D3, D4, D5

Alpha1 G protein and effectors: Agonists: Tissue: Responses:

G protein and effectors: Gq Agonists: Epi, NE Tissue: Vascular, Liver, Heart Responses: Contraction

Alpha 2 G protein and effectors: Agonists: Tissue: Responses:

G protein and effectors: Gi, Go Agonists: Epi \> NE Tissue: Pancreatic islets Responses: Decreased insulin secretion

Beta 1 G protein and effectors: Agonists: Tissue: Responses:

G protein and effectors: Gs Agonists: Epi=NE Tissue: Juxtaglomerular cells, Heart Responses: Increased Renin secretion

Beta 2 G protein and effectors: Agonists: Tissue: Responses:

G protein and effectors: Gs Agonists: Epi \>\>\> NE Tissue: Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle Responses: Relaxation, Glycogenolysis

Beta3 G protein and effectors: Agonists: Tissue: Responses:

G protein and effectors: Gs Agonists: NE \> Epi Tissue: Adipose tissue Responses: Lipolysis

RULES OF THUMB FOR SMOOTH MUSCLE and AUTONOMIC RECEPTORS Alpha1 receptors?

Activation causes: Stimulate **contraction of all smooth muscle** VASOCONTRICTION

RULES OF THUMB FOR SMOOTH MUSCLE and AUTONOMIC RECEPTORS Beta2?

Actiavation causes: Smooth muscle relaxation; vasodilation

RULES OF THUMB FOR SMOOTH MUSCLE and AUTONOMIC RECEPTORS Muscarinic?

Activation causes: Contract smooth muscle (different intracellular signal than alpha1 receptor)

Smooth muscle of blood vessels is ____ innervated by parasympathetic neurons

NOT

Epi and NE release is triggered by...

The release of **ACh** from the **preganglionic fibers**

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ reflex is an example of compensatory changes in the ANS

Baroreceptor reflex