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Cardiopulmonology Final > (7) Heart and Vascular System II (Dennis) > Flashcards

(7) Heart and Vascular System II (Dennis) Flashcards

1
Q

Helpful flow chart to keep histology concepts straight:

A
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2
Q

Walls of arteries and veins are composed of three layers called ________

A

TUNICS

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3
Q

Arteries branch extensively to ________ in diameter

A

Decrease

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4
Q

Veins merge repeatedly to _______ in diameter

A

Increase

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5
Q

What is the red bracket indicating?

Left image is? Right Image is?

A

Tunica Intima

Left= Artery

Right = Vein

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6
Q

The Tunica Intima is the…

A

Layer that is most closely associated with the lumen of the vessel

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7
Q

What is this layer?

This layer is lined with…

A

Tunica Intima

*Single layer of squamous epithelial cells

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8
Q

What are three distinguishing characteristics of Tunica Intima?

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Basal Lamina
  3. Subendothelial layer (internal elastic membrane)
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9
Q

What is the red bracket indicating?

Left image is? Right Image is?

A

Tunica Media

Left= Artery

Right = Vein

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10
Q

Tunica media is always thicker in…

A

ARTERIES by far

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11
Q

What is the red bracket indicating?

Left image is? Right Image is?

A

Tunica Adventitia

Left= Artery

Right = Vein

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12
Q

What are distinguishing characteristics of the Tunica Adventitia?

A
  • Longitudinally arranged
  • Few elastic fibers
  • Vasa vasorum
  • Nervi vasorum (vascularis)
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13
Q

What is the vasa vasorum?

A

Vessels of tunica adventitia of large arteries and veins

Supply blood to the vascular walls themselves

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14
Q

What is nervi vasorum?

A

ANS input that controls contraction of vascular smooth muscle

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15
Q

Large arteries…AKA?

A

Elastic arteries!

Named that for the LARGE amounts of ELASTIN in them!

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16
Q

What is a major component that large (elastic) arteries LACK?

A

NO FIBROBLASTS

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17
Q

Medium arteries… AKA?

A

Muscular arteries!!!

*More smooth muscle, less elastin

*******PROMINENT INTERNAL ELASTIC MEMBRANE BECOMES APPARENT

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18
Q

What are these?

A

Large (elastic) arteries

19
Q

What are these?

A

Medium (muscular) arteries

20
Q

What is a small artery identified with?

A

UP TO 8 layers of smooth muscle

21
Q

What is a arteriole identified with?

A

Has 1-2 layers of smooth muscle

22
Q

Function of arterioles?

A

Flow regulators for capillary beds

  • Sympathetic innervation to tunica media causes vasoconstriction
  • Parasympathetic innervation to tunica media causes vasodilation
23
Q

What is this?

A

Top (A)= Small artery

Middle (A) = Arteriole

24
Q

What is the smallest of all blood vessels?

A

Capillaries

25
Q

Capillaries are surrounded by a cell type called _______

A

Pericytes

26
Q

Function of pericytes?

A

Surround capillaries

Contractile cells

Controlled by NO

Promote stability of capillaries

27
Q

Where are endothelial cells found?

A

lining capillary beds

28
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A
  1. Continuous capillary
  2. Fenestrated capillary
  3. Discontinuous capillary
29
Q

What is a metarteriole?

A

First branch off the arteriole supplying tissue

30
Q

What is a thoroughfare channel?

A

Distal end of metarteriole (lacks smooth muscle)

31
Q

What are precapillary sphincters?

A

Regulate blood flow through the capillaries

32
Q

When sphincters are relaxed, capillary bed is…

A

WELL PERFUSEED

33
Q

When sphincters are constricted…

A

Blood bypasses capillary bed

34
Q

Veins have thinner walls than accompanying arteries, lumen is _______ than that of the artery; lumen of veins are often ________

A

Larger

Collapsed

35
Q

What is this?

A

Postcapillary venule

36
Q

What is this?

A

Muscular venule

37
Q

What is this?

A

Small vein

38
Q

What is this?

A

Medium Vein

39
Q

What is this?

A

Large vein

40
Q

Structure on the right?

A

Medium vein

41
Q

What is this?

A

Large vein

42
Q

What is this?

A

Lymphatic capillaries

43
Q

How are endothelial cells held in place in lymphatic capillaries?

A

By anchoring filaments

44
Q

How do you distinguish a lymphatic vessel histologically from a vein?

A

Thinner walls, No blood

Cardiopulmonology Final (21 decks)

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