(9) Cardiac Cycle and Sounds (Stewart)

Question 1

What are the two heart sounds?

Answer 1

Lub (S1)

Dub (S2)

Question 2

Helpful menumonic to remember to assessment points for a CV exam?

Answer 2

All | Aortic Area (1)

Physicians | Pulmonic Area (2)

Take | Tricuspid Area (4)

Money | Mitral area/apex (5)

Question 3

What is the order of heart sounds?

Answer 3

S4 –> S1 –> S2 –> S3

Question 4

Describe what is occuring during:

S1

Answer 4

“lub”

Closure of A-V valves

Question 5

Describe what is occuring during:

S2

Answer 5

“dub”

Closure of semilunar valves

Question 6

Describe what is occuring during:

S3

Answer 6

“Ken-Tuckee”

A vibratory sound that occurs from blood filling the relaxed venticle. A normal sound in children but can indicate heart pathology in adult.

Question 7

Describe what is occuring during:

S4

Answer 7

“Tenness-ee”

Atrial filling from high pressure from SVC/IVC and pulmonary venous return. Occurs BEFORE S1 heart sound.

Pathologic heart sound

Question 8

Define:

Regurgitation

Answer 8

Turbulent flow sound when blood is moving in an opposite direction from what is should

Question 9

Define:

Stenosis

Answer 9

Turbulent flow when blood is moving through a stiff damaged valve

Question 10

How are heart murmurs graded?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the mneumonics to remember what makes murmurs loud or soft?

Answer 11

RINspiration : Inspiration, Right = louder

LEXpiration : Expiration, Left = louder

Question 12

What should you know about aortic stenosis?

Answer 12

Crescendo-Decrescendo murmur

Old-SAD (syncope, angina, dyspnea)

Radiates up into the carotids