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Cardiopulmonology Final > (5) Cardiac Cycle and Sounds (Karius) > Flashcards

(5) Cardiac Cycle and Sounds (Karius) Flashcards

1
Q

Please draw the:

Aortic Pressure

Ventricular Pressure

Atrial pressure (blue)

Ventricular Volume

EKG

Following the EKG as an anchor

A
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2
Q

Label on your diagram of (Aortic pressure, ventricular pressure, atrial pressure, ventricular volume and the EKG)…

Where atrial systole and ventricular systole and ventricular diastole are occuring

A
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3
Q

What is standard aortic pressure?

A
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4
Q

What are the typical ventricular pressure readings?

A
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5
Q

What are the typical ventricular volumes?

Max and min?

A
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6
Q

Draw out the relationship between atrial pressure and ventriular pressure in response to the p wave!!!

A
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7
Q

Why is the atrial pressure increasing during ventricular systole?

A

Blood continues to return to the heart during the period of ventricular systole, but can’t move into the ventricles because of the ventricular contraction.

This causes the atrial pressure to increase

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8
Q

What are the pressures in the ventricle at the lowest and highest?

A
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9
Q

Describe what is occuring with ventricular volume in relation to atrial contraction:

A

Ventricular volume increases as the atrial contraction forces blood nito the ventricle

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10
Q

What are 2 important notes about aortic pressure at this point?

A
  1. Aortic pressure is above the atrial and ventricular pressures
  2. It is decreasing throughout the atrial contraction and even into ventricular contraction (peripheral run-off)
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11
Q

What causes blood to be ejected from the ventricle?

A

The pressure in the ventricle must

exceed the pressure in the pulmonary artery and aorta

before the valves leaving the ventricles will open

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12
Q

Describe what is occuring here:

A

ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION

Ventricular volume remains constant, while the ventricular pressure increases dramatically

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13
Q
A

C. 68

Must be the diastolic pressure in the aorta that determines how hard the left ventricle has to squeeze to open valve

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14
Q

What pressure does the L and R ventricle have to reach before those valves open?

A

The ventricular pressure must exceed the diastolic pressure on each side to open the valve

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15
Q

What is normal pulmonary artery pressure?

A

25/15

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16
Q

What is normal aortic pressure?

A

120/ (80/70)

17
Q

Describe what is happening at the green and magenta arrows:

A

Green= The aortic pressure now starts to increase as blood is ejected into the aorta

Magenta = Ventricular volume decreases rapidly as blood is ejected

18
Q

Describe what is occuring with the

Aortic Pressure

Ventricular Volume

@ this phase

A

Aortic pressure starts to decrease even as blood continues to be ejected as the rate of ejection slows down

Ventricular volume continues to decrease during this period

19
Q

What is the dicrotic notch?

A

The closing of the aortic valve produces the dicrotic notch in the aortic pressure wave

Arterial pressure shows a similar ‘wiggle’

20
Q

What is this period called?

A

ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION

21
Q

During an isovolumetric event, what is the state of the valves?

A

ALL ARE CLOSED

22
Q

Why is the aortic pressure still dropping?

A

The blood is leaving the aorta and flowing into the smaller vessels in the periphery.

PERIPHERAL RUN-OFF

23
Q

Add the jugular pressure into your drawing!

A
24
Q

What are the waves of jugular pressure?

A

A wave= pressure from atrial contraction

C wave= pressure wave from isovolumetric contraction in ventricles (*blue arrow)

V wave = venous return

25
Q
A

A. P wave

26
Q
A

C. R wave

27
Q
A

B. Ventricular repolarization

28
Q

Recreate major events!!!

A
29
Q

The first heart sound is associated with…

A

(LUB)

Associated with the closure of the AV Valves

30
Q

What actually “makes” the heart sounds?

A

The sound is the result of:

Blood in the atria hitting the closed valves as it tries to enter the ventricle

That impact creates vibration in the cardiac tissue that can be heard

31
Q

What is the second heart sound associated with?

A

Closing of the

aortic and pulmonary valves

32
Q

What is the third heart sound?

A

Blood rushing into the ventricle during the rapid filling phase

(sound normal in children, but may not be heard in adults)

*sounds like filling a cup with water

33
Q

What is the fourth heart sound?

A

May be heard during atrial contraction

result of: last bit of blood being sqeezed into the ventricle

(like the third heart sound, it is normal in children, but not generally heard in a normal adult)

34
Q

When is a murmur heard?

A
  • Blood is moving in a direction it shouldn’t be moving
  • Blood is having a hard time moving in the direction it should be moving in
35
Q
A

Cardiopulmonology Final (21 decks)

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