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Cardiopulmonology Final > (12) Regulation of Arterial Pressure (Rogers) > Flashcards

(12) Regulation of Arterial Pressure (Rogers) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure?

***

A

MAP = CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR

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2
Q

What is the normal mean arterial pressure value?

A

Normally 93.3 mmHg (around 100 mmHg)

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3
Q

Where are the two primary baroreceptors?

A

Carotid Sinus

Aortic Sinus

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4
Q

Where does the baroreceptor reflex travel up toward?

A

Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)

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5
Q

Mechanoreceptors respond to…

A

Changes in arterial pressure

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6
Q

Chemoreceptors respond to…

A

PO2, PCO2, pH

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7
Q

Baroreceptors will ______ firing rate in response to increased stretch

A

Increase

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8
Q

Baroreceptors will ______ firing rate in response to pressure dropping

A

Decrease

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9
Q

Role of nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS)?

A

Receives and coordinates peripheral signals

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10
Q

Rostral ventrolateral medulla has __________ activiy with CV function

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

Dorsal motor nucleus of the vaus and nucleus ambiguus has __________ activiy with CV function

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

TPR is heavily dependent on __________

A

Sympathetic stimulation of arterioles

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13
Q

Equation for CO?

A

CO = SV x HR

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14
Q

Sympathetic nervous system causes:

A
  • Decreased baroreceptor firing rate
  • Contriction of arterioles and veins (alpha receptors)
  • Incrases HR and contractility (B1 receptors)
  • Fluid retention by kidney
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15
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system causes:

A
  • Increased baroreceptor firing rate
  • Decreased HR (vagus nerve to SA node)
  • Indirect vasodilation on blood vessels (e.g., stimulate NO release)
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16
Q

Draw the flow chart for Decreased MAP effects

A

Decreased MAP, need to INCREASE arterial pressure

17
Q

Draw the flow chart for INCREASED MAP

A

Need to DECREASE arterial pressure

18
Q

What happens to baroreceptors with people that have high blood pressure?

A

Able to adjust set-point to different conditions:

Hypertension is classic example

19
Q

What is the RAAS system?

A

Renin- Angiotensin II - Aldosterone System

20
Q

Function of RAAS system?

A

For long term adjustments in blood pressure by regulating blood volume:

Produces a hormonal response

21
Q

What is Renin?

What is the release stimulated by?

A

Enzyme secreted by the kidney into the bloodstream in response to a drop in BP

B1-adrenergic receptor activation

22
Q

Biochemically, what does Renin do?

A

Causes Angiotensinogen to be converted to Angiotensin I in the blood

Later on…

Angiotensin I is converted to antiotensin II in the lungs and kidneys to begin the compensation mechanism

23
Q

What type of cells secrete renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells

24
Q

Angiotensin II causes

A

1) Secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex –> leads to increased Na+ and H2O retention by kidney = Increased blood volume, preload/SV, CO and therefore BP!!!!
2) Secretion of ADH
3) Vasocontriction

25
Q

Describe the RAAS system in flow chart

A
26
Q

Vasopressin (ADH) acts at ____ and ____ receptors

A

V1 (smooth muscle)

V2 (colellecting ducts)

27
Q

Vasopressin (ADH) is secreted in response to…

A

Angiotensin II

Artial receptors (low preload)

Increased osmolarity of blood

28
Q

Function of ADH?

A

Increase TPR and water retention

29
Q

What are the three types of natruiuretic peptide?

A

Atrial (ANP)

Brain (BNP)

C-type (CNP)

30
Q

Function of natriuretic peptides?

A

Prevent overstretching the chambers of the heart

31
Q

Describe what happens in response to a hemorrhage

A
32
Q

This will be a test question: He loves exercise, said put a flag on this:

Describe the exercise response flow chart

A
33
Q

Firing:

What happens with:

Decreased pressure =

Increased pressure =

A

Decreased pressure = Firing rate goes down

Increased pressure = Firing rate goes up

Cardiopulmonology Final (21 decks)

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