Drugs For Hypertension

Question 0

Target BP with DM

Answer 0

< 130/80

Question 1

Target BP NO comorbids

Answer 1

<140/90

Question 2

Diuretics

Answer 2

Hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide

Question 3

Hydrochlorothiazides

Answer 3

Chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone
Thiazides inhibits nacl transporter in distal convoluted tubule,reduces calcium excretion.
1st line HPN, hypercalciuria, , nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 4

Thiazides toxicity

Answer 4

Hyper GLUC

-glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia

Question 5

Furosemide

Answer 5

Bumetanide, torsemide, ethacrynic acid - has no sulfa group
Loop diuretics, inhibits nak2cl transporter in thick ascending limb LOH. INCREASED diuresis and calcium excretion
Use in heart failure, pulmonary edema, hypercalcemia

Question 6

Sympathoplegics

Answer 6

Decrease TPR, HR

Question 7

CNS sympathetic outflow blockers

Answer 7

Clonidine, methyldopa

Question 8

Ganglion blockers

Answer 8

Hexamethonium, trimethaphan

Competetively blocks Nn nicotinic Ach receptors

Question 9

Nerve terminal blockers

Answer 9

Reserpine, guanethidine
Blocks vesicular mono amine tranporter (VMAT), inhibits NE release
WOF Suicidal ideation

Question 10

Adrenergic blockers

Answer 10

PRAZOSIN, propranolol

Question 11

HPN control in pheochromocytoma

Answer 11

Phenoxybenzamine, PHENTOLAMINE, labetalol

Question 12

Older vasodilators

Answer 12

Hydralazine, minoxidil,

Question 13

Hydralazine

Answer 13

Intercellular calcium metabolism. Relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, causes vasodilation, decreases afterload.
WOF reflex tachycardia

Question 14

Drug-induced lupus

Answer 14

HIPP to have lupus

HYDRALAZINE, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Penicillamine

Question 15

Minoxidil

Answer 15

Opens K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle, hyperpolarization, muscle relaxation, vasodilation
Causes hypertrichosis by stimulating hair follicles to differentiate into growth follicles, anagen phase.

Question 16

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 16

Verapamil, nifedipine,

Question 17

Verapami

Answer 17

Diltiazem, NONDIHYDROPYRIDINE ccb.blocks voltage gated l-type calcium channels. Cardiac > vascular
Gingival hyperplasia pretibial edema

Question 18

Nifedipine

Answer 18

Amlodipine, Felodipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine,
DIHYDROPYRIDINE ccb. Vascular > cardiac
Decreases pre and afterload
Pretibial edema

Question 19

Parenteral vasodilators

Answer 19

Nitroprusside, fenoldepam

Question 20

Nitroprusside

Answer 20

Relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle

WOF cyanide toxicity due to increased GMP NO release

Question 21

Antidote for cyanide toxicity

Answer 21

Amyl nitrite

Question 22

Antidote methhemoglobinemia

Answer 22

Methylene blue

Question 23

Angiotensin antagonists

Answer 23

ACEI’s, ARB’s, Renin antagonists

Question 24

ACEI’s

Answer 24

CAPTOPRIL, enalapril, benazepril, fosinopril, lisinopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril
Inhibit ACE thus inhibits Angiotensin II, decreases aldosterone.
Delays progression of diabetic nephropathy

Question 25

Diabetes and ACEIs

Answer 25

Decrease albumin excretion slows progression from micro to macro-albuminuria.
RENOPROTECTIVE

Question 26

ARBs

Answer 26

LOSARTAN, candesartan, valsartan, irbesartan, eprosartan, telmisartan
Blocks angiotensin at1 receptors. Decreases aldosterone secretion.
Slows ventricular remodeling, increases survival heart failure

Question 27

LOSARTAN

Answer 27

Delays progression of diabetic nephropathy

Slows ventricular remodeling and increases survival in heart failure

Question 28

ACEIs and Arbs cause

Answer 28

Hyperkalemia.

Reduce aldosterone levels, lead to potassium retention.

Question 29

Renin antagonists

Answer 29

Aliskiren Alis ka renin!!!

Prevents conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin1