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BSMS204 Theme 2 Musculoskeletal > DR 1: Back and Shoulder > Flashcards

DR 1: Back and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial muscles of the back function

A

Attach the pectoral girdle to the trunk

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2
Q

Superficial muscles of back

A

Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Latissimus dorsi

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3
Q

Origin of upper fibres of trapezius

A

external occipital protuberance of skull and spinal processes of cervical vertebrae

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4
Q

insertion of upper fibres of trapexius

A

clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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5
Q

middle fibres of trapezius

A

origin from spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae

insert into spine of scapula

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6
Q

lower fibres of trapezius

A

origin from spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae

insert into spine and scapula

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7
Q

rhomboid muscles

A

deep to trapezius muscle

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8
Q

major and minor rhomboid muscles

A

origin from spinous processes of C7 and T1-T5 thoracic vertebrae and insert into medial border of the scapula

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9
Q

Lattisimus dorsi

A

thoracic region of back

origin: thoracolumbar fascia of back
fibres go upwards, round inferior angle towards
insertion on floor of bicipital groove of humerus

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10
Q

Serratus anterior

A

on lateral chest wall
originates as a series of individual slips from upper eight ribs
goes between ribs to the scapula
inserts at medial border of scapula

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11
Q

Intermediate back muscles

A

serratus posterior superior and inferior

these are accessory respiratory muscles which help expand chest during inspiration

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12
Q

Deep intrinsic muscles of back

A

within groove between spinous processes of vertebrae and angle of ribs

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13
Q

Largest group of deep muscles

A

Erector spinae
Spinalis, longissiums and iliocostalis
originate from erector spinae aponeurosis

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14
Q

Direction of erector spinae muscles

A

Run superiorly from erector spinae aponeurosis.

Spinales, most medial erector spinae muscle, inserts into thoracic spinous processes and skull

Longissimus, intermediate part of erector spinae, inserts into the thoracic and cervical transverse processes

iliocostalis is most lateral, and inserts mainly into the ribs

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15
Q

Multifidus

A

posterior to erector spinae in the lumbar region of the back

runs superiorly, from origin on transverse processes to insertion on spinous processes (of lumbar vertebrae)

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16
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

bony skeleton supporting upper limb

composed of clavicle and scapula, articulating at acromioclavicular joint

pectoral girdle articulates with trunk at sternoclavicular joint

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17
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

articulation between pectoral girdle and trunk

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18
Q

Scapula bony features

A

Anteriorly:
Acromion, coracoid, glenoid fossa, suprascapular notch, superior angle, subscapular fossa, inferior angle

Posteriorly:
supraspinous fossa, spine, intraspinous fossa, infraglenoud tubercle, supraglenoid tubercle

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19
Q

Bony features of proximal end of humerus

A

head of humerus, anatomical neck (above tuberosities), greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular sulcus, surgical neck (below tuberosities) deltoid tuberositiy

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20
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

shallow articulation between head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula

is a synovial ball and socket joint, allows a wide range of movement

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21
Q

Supraspinatus

A

originates from supraspinous fossa, inserts onto greater tubercle

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22
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Originates from infraspinous fossa, inserts onto greater tubercle

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23
Q

Teres minor

A

Originates from posterior of scapula, adjacent to lateral border, attaches to greater tubercle

24
Q

Subscapularis

A

Originates from subscapular fossa, inserts into lesser tubercle of humerus

25
Q

teres major

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula to medial lip of bicepital groove

26
Q

Where does the tendon of supraspinatus pass?

A

through a small space unfer the coracoacromial ligament

this can be impinged by overhead activities such as throwing

27
Q

Deltoid attachment

A

origin: scapula and clavicle
insertion: deltoid tuberosity

28
Q

biceps brachii

A

origin: long head from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head from coracoid process

both heads insert into radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

29
Q

triceps brachii

A

long head from infraglenoid tubercle
lateral head from humerus, superior to radial groove
medial head- humerus, inferior to radial groove

insertion: heads converge into one tendon distally and insert into olecranon

30
Q

coracobrachialis

A

origin: coracoid process of scapula

Muscle passes through axilla and attaches to medial side of humeral shaft at deltoid tubercle

31
Q

pectoralis major

A

origin: clavicle, sternum, superior six costal cartilages
insertion: bicepital groove’s medial lip

32
Q

Quadrangular space

A

formed by teres minor, teres major, shaft of humerus, and long head of triceps brachi

33
Q

Axilla

A

formed by an apex, base and four walls

base: skin and subcutaneous tissue which creates the axillary fossa

apex (inlet): clavicle anteriorly, first rib medially, superior border of scapula posteriorly

34
Q

Axilla muscles

A

teres major, subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pec minor

35
Q

Axilla anterior wall

A

pectoralis major and minor - pectoral nerves

36
Q

posterior wall of axilla

A

teres major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis muscle

supplied by branches from posterior cord of brachial plexus

37
Q

medial wall of axilla

A

serratus anterior

long thoracic nerve, from C5-C7 roots of brachial plexus

38
Q

Lateral wall of axilla

A

shaft of humerus

39
Q

Contents of axilla

A

axillary artery and its branches, axillary vein and its tributaries, lymph vessels and nodes, and brachial plexus

40
Q

axillary artery formation

A

continuation of subclavian artery.

Subclavian artery passes through scalene triangle, formed by anterior and middle scalene muscles and first rib, then becomes axillary artery

41
Q

axillary artery course

A

passes through axilla towards lower border of teres major to become brachial artery

42
Q

Parts of the axillary artery

A

divided into three parts by pec minor muscles.

3rd part:
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral branches wind around surgical neck of humerus, subscapular artery contributes to shoulder anastamoses

43
Q

Axillary vein

A

beside axillary artery

continuation of basilic vein, terminates as subclavian vein at first rib

44
Q

basilic vein

A

medial side of arm

45
Q

cephalic vein

A

passes through the deltopectoral groove to join axillary vein within the axilla

46
Q

Trunks of brachial plexus

A

superior, middle and inferior

pass through scalene triangle within subclavian artery

47
Q

divisions

A

anterior and posterior

48
Q

cords

A

directly below pectoralis minor muscle

named relative to axillary artery which they sit beside

lateral cord- lateral to artery
medial cord - medial to artery

posterior cord - posterior to artery

49
Q

terminal branches of brachial plexus

A

musculocutaneous, ulnar, medial, radial and axillary nerves

50
Q

supraspinatus

A

origin: supraspinatus fossa, inserts: anterior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

51
Q

infraspinatus

A

origin from infraspinus fossa, inserts to middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

52
Q

teres minor

A

origin from dorsal aspect of lateral border of the scapula, inserts into lowest facet on greater tubercle of humerus

53
Q

subscapularis

A

origin from subscapular fossa, inserts to lesser tubercle of the humerus

54
Q

teres major

A

origin from inferior angle of scapula, inserts into medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

55
Q

deltoid

A

origin from lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

inserts into deltoid tuberosity of humerus

56
Q

structures passing through quadrangular space

A

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

57
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

surrounded by fibrous joint capsule attached to rim of glenoid fossa and to anatomical neck of humerus

capsule strengthened by attachments of rotator cuff muscles which surround the joint on all sides except inferiorly

joint also stabilised by coracoacromial ligament, forms an arch superiorly to joint

glenohumeral ligament stabilise joint anteriorly

shallow glenoid fossa deepened by ring of fibrocartilage known as the glenoid labrum

BSMS204 Theme 2 Musculoskeletal (22 decks)

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