Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSMS204 Theme 2 Musculoskeletal > 1. Morphological plan of the upper limb > Flashcards

1. Morphological plan of the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are most mammals and why?

A

Quadrapedal

Locomotion, climbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What changes led to bipedalism

A 
Man
Bipedal – free upper limb 	
	(environment change, hunter gatherers, making stone tools, carrying)
Anatomical evolution:	
	- Changes to the foot, hip, knee, vertebral column, skull
	- Longer clavicles
	- Pronation/Supination
	- Opposable thumb
	Mechanical interaction with environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Upper limb

A

32 bones
57 muscles
Brachial plexus
Major vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arrangement of upper limb

A

Shoulder

Arm

Elbow

Forearm

Wrist

Hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Limb movements

A

Flexion/Extension

Abduction/Adduction

Lateral/medial rotation

Pronation/spination

Circumduction

Opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Skeleton of upper limb

A 
Pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle)
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpal bones x8
Metacarpals x5
Phalanges x14
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anterior parts of scapula

A 
Acromion
Coricoid
Lesser tubercle (more medial)
Greater tubercle (more lateral)
Intertubercular sulcus/bicepital groove
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Posterior parts of scapula

A

Superior angle
Spine
Inferior angle
Deltoid tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anterior parts of radius

A

Head
Radial tuberosity
Styloid process of radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anterior part of ulna

A

Olecranon (elbow bit)
Ulna tuberosity
Styloid process of ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the structure between the radius and the ulna?

A

interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Between scapula and humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Radiocarpal joint

A

The wrist, between the radius and the carpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

midcarpal joint

A

between two rows of carpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

carpometacarpal joint

A

between carpal and metacarpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Elbow

A

between humerus and radius/ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint

A

between metacarpal and phalange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

interphalangeal

A

between two phalangeal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Limb movements

A 
Extension/flexion
Abduction/adduction
Medial/lateral rotation
Pronation/spination
Circumduction
Opposition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the anterior compartments of the upper limb known as?

A

Flexor compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the posterior compartments of the upper limb known as

A

Extensor compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Functional compartments of upper limb

A

Flexor and extensor compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Muscles from vertebral column

A

Superficial back muscles

24
Q

Muscles from thoracic wall

A

Pectoralis major and minor

Serratus anterior

25
Q

Origin, insertion and function of pec major

A

Origin: clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages
Insertion: lateral lip of bicepital groove
Function: adductor, flexor and medial rotator of arm

26
Q

Origin and insertion of pec minor

A

Origin: ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process
Function: draws scapula forward, protracting shoulder

27
Q

Serratus anterior origin and insertion

A

Origin: medial wall of thorax from upper 8 ribs, passes posteriorly
Insertion: medial edge of scapula
Function: protracts shoulder, draws scapula forward

28
Q

Muscles of shoulder joint

A

Deltoid
Rotator cuff muscles
Teres major

29
Q

Flexors of the arm

A

These are anterior
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

30
Q

Extensors of the arm

A

Posterior, only 1

Triceps brachii

31
Q

Muscles of the forearm

A

Anterior - flexors of wrist and digits, start at medial epicondyle

Posterior - extensors of wrist and digits, start from lateral epicondyle

32
Q

Muscles of hand

A

Thenar, next to thumb/D1

Hypothenar next to D5

33
Q

Movements of vertebral column

A

Extension/flexion
Lateral extension/flexion
Rotation

34
Q

Curvatures of back

A

Anteriorly: thoracic and sacral - kyphoses, primary, present from birth

Posteriorly: cervical and lumbar, lordoses, secondary, present from childhood and allow transition from crawling to walking

35
Q

Ligament functions

A

Reinforce and stabilise joints

Limit range of movement

36
Q

Ligaments of vertebrae

A

Anterior: anterior longitudinal ligament, resists hyperextension

Posterior: posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flava, resists hyperflexion

37
Q

What is an example of clinical relevance of ligaments?

A

anterior longitudinal ligament injury following whiplash

38
Q

Intervertebral joints and discs

A

Intervertebral joints for weight bearing and strength

Secondary cartilaginous -> fibrocartilage

intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers

39
Q

What is thicker, lumbar disc or cervical?

A

Lumbar

Disc thickness increases down the vertebral column

40
Q

Parts of intervertebral disc

A

Nucleus pulposus - semi fluid core which acts as sponge

Annulus fibrosus - outer strong bit

41
Q

Clinical relevance of intervertebral disc

A

Disc protrusion/ nucleus pulposus herniation can impinge on nerves

42
Q

Facet joints

A

Synovial joints between vertebral arches

movement depends on joint angle

43
Q

Cervical facet joint

A

Slight slope so allows flexion, extension and rotation

44
Q

Thoracic facet joint

A

Nearly vertical, allows rotation

45
Q

Lumbar facet joint

A

Wrapped, allows extension and flexion

46
Q

Clinical relevance of facet joints?

A

Degeneration of facet joints can cause back pain

47
Q

Muscles of back

A

Extrinsic muscles move upper limbs/ribs - superficial and intermediate

Intrinsic muscles are postural and move vertebral column - deep

These are seperated by thoracolumbar fascia

48
Q

Superficial back muscles

A

Attach upper limb to trunk

Trapezius and lattisimus dorsi

49
Q

Trapezius

A

Rotates scapula
Upper, middle and lower fibres
originates from skull, nuchal protrubance and spinous processes of C7-T12

Insert onto clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

50
Q

Lattisimus dorsi

A

Medial rotation of arm, adducts arm, extends arm

Originates from thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes of T7-T12, iliac crest and inferior three ribs
Inserts onto bicepital groove

51
Q

What superficial muscles are behind the trapezius?

A

Levator scapulae - elevates scapula. Begins in neck

Rhomboids (minor and major) - retract scapula

52
Q

Deep muscles

A

Three layers:

  1. Splenius (most superficial, in neck)
  2. Erector spinae (main group)
  3. Multifidus (very deep)
53
Q

Erector spinae

A

In groove between spinous processes and angle of ribs.

Extend, laterally flex and rotate vertebral column

Originate from erector spinae aponeurosis

Spinales to spinous processes

Longissimus to transverse processes

Iliocostalis to ribs

54
Q

Multifidus

A

Extends, rotates and stabilises vertebral column

from transverse process to spinous processes

55
Q

Nerve supply of back

A

Anterior primary ramus to intrinsic muscles (mainly cervical rami)

Posterior primary ramus to intrinsic muscles

BSMS204 Theme 2 Musculoskeletal (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions