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BSMS204 Theme 2 Musculoskeletal > 7. Anatomy of the forearm > Flashcards

7. Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal features of the forearm

A

olecranon

trochlea

head of radius

radial tuberosity

ulna tubercle

interosseous membrane

styloid processes of radia and ulna

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2
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint and what kind of features does it have?

A

Synovial hinge joint Used for flexion/extension

Also proximal radioulnar joint

  • pivot joint for supination/pronation
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3
Q

Ligaments

A

Ligaments stabilise/strengthen the joint annular ligament radial collateral ligament ulnar collateral ligament

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4
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Triangle region over anterior elbow

Borderred on bottom by pronater teres and brachioradialis

top made by line drawn from lateral epicondyle to medial epicondyle

Structures that pass through:

median nerve

lateral cutaneous nerve to the forearm

biceps tendon!

bicepital aponeurosis comes off from biceps tendon and over pronator teres

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5
Q

Median cubital vein

A

Important for venepuncture

in middle of basilic vein and cephalic vein

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6
Q

Forearm compartments

A

Two compartments: Flexor compartment Extensor compartment Long tendons enter hand

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7
Q

Anterior forearm parts

A

superficial muscles

intermediate muscles ^(from common flexor origin)

deep muscles

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8
Q

Superficial muscles of forearm

A

3 flexors of wrist (carpi)

1 pronator

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9
Q

intermediate muscles of forearm

A

1 flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)

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10
Q

deep muscles of forearm

A

1 flexor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)

1 flexor of thumb (pollicis)

1 pronator

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11
Q

Superficial layer of forearm flexors

A

Common flexor origin at medial epicondyle

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis (from CFO to 2nd metacarpal)

flexor carpi ulnaris (from CFO to pisiform and hamate to 5th metacarpal)

palmaris longus (from CFO to pisiform to 3rd metacarpal)

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12
Q

Clinical aspect of superficial layer of forearm flexors

A

Golfers elbow - epicondylitis at CFO (common flexor origin)

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13
Q

Intermediate layer of forearm flexors

A

common flexor origin Flexor digitorum superficialis Radial artery From medial epicondyle to medial phalanges

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14
Q

Deep layer of forearm flexors

A

Interosseous membrane Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus pronator quadratus from medial epicondyle to distal phalanges

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15
Q

Extensor compartment

A

Superficial muscles:

3 Extensors of wrist (carpi)

1 Extensor of digits 2-5 (digitorum)

1 Accessory extensor to digit 5 (digiti minimi)

Brachioradialis and anconeus

Deep muscles:

2 Extensors of thumb (pollicis)

1 Abductor of thumb (pollicis)

1 Accessory extensor to digit 2 (indicis)

1 Supinator

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16
Q

Superficial layer of extensor

A

Common extensor origin Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi (accessory to extensor digitorum) Extensor carpi ulnaris

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17
Q

Clinical significance of superficial layer of forearm extensors

A

Tennis elbow Epicondylitis at CEO (tendon inflammation due to overuse/forceful extension)

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18
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Flexor when half pronated supracondylar ridge to lateral epicondyle to styloid process of the radius

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19
Q

Anconeus

A

stabilises elbow

20
Q

Deep layer of forearm extensors

A

Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus ^ all pass through anatomical snuffbox Extensor indicis (accessory to extensor digitorum) to 1st metacarpal, proximal phalanx and distal phalanx

21
Q

Wrist abduction and adduction

A

performed by the carpi muscles Together, abductor and adductor muscles splint wrist to allow fine movements of the hand

22
Q

Abduction of wrist

A

Flexor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)

23
Q

Adduction of wrist

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris

24
Q

Muscles involved in supination

A

biceps brachii supinator (superficial and deep branches)

25
Q

muscles involved in pronation

A

pronator teres pronator quadratus

26
Q

Supinated

A

proximal radioulnar joint distal radioulnar joint everythings chill

27
Q

pronated

A

radius rotates over ulna

28
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

tunnel for flexor tendons to digits and median nerve

29
Q

what does the flexor retinaculum do?

A

its a big sheath wrapping around all the flexor tendons aka transverse carpal ligament prevents bowing of tendons

30
Q

Contents of the carpal tunnel

A

median nerve flexor policis longus tendon flexor figitorum superficialis tendons flexor digitorum profundus tendons All these tendons are surrounded by synovial sheathes

31
Q

What is carpel tunnel syndrome?

A

compression of the median nerve due to increased pressure in carpel tunnel associated with trauma, obesity and pregnancy

32
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

prevents bowing of tendons separates tendons into compartments Wraps around synovial sheaths of extensor tendons

33
Q

Long tendon insertion

A

Tendons to d2-5 extensor digitorum - into middle and distal phalanx flexor digitorum superficialis - into middle phalanx flexor digitorum profundus - into distal phalanx

34
Q

Arterial supply to forearm

A

Brachial artery divides at cubital fossa into: radial artery - under brachioradialis ulnar artery - under flexor carpi ulnaris, gives off common interosseous artery anastomosis around elbow joint

35
Q

Radial artery

A

lateral branch of brachial under brachioradialis runs alongside superficial branch of radial nerve winds to dorsum of hand

36
Q

ulnar artery

A

medial branch of brachial recurrent branches contribute to anastomosis gives off common interosseous artery

37
Q

common interosseous artery

A

from ulnar artery splits into posterior interosseous and anterior interosseous arteries

38
Q

nerve supply to forearm

A

musculocutaenous nerve median nerve radial nerve ulnar nerve

39
Q

median nerve

A

lies mid forearm between FDS and FDP branch: anterior interosseous nerve to deep flexor muscles passes thru carpal tunnel supplies: - motor to anterior compartment except FCU/medial part of FDP -sensory to lateral palm, d1, d2, d3, 1/2 d4

40
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

passes thru cubital tunnel posteriorily then goes anterior, between FCU and FDP supplies: -motor to FCU and medial part of FDP -sensory to medial hand 1/2 d4 and d5

41
Q

radial nerve

A

enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis divides into two branches: deep and superficial

42
Q

deep branch of radial nerve

A

deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor) on posterior side (extensor side) passes through supinator muscle, enters extensor compartment supplies posterior compartment

43
Q

superficial branch of radial nerve

A

-superficial branch (sensory) under brachioradialis, winds to dorsum of hand on flexor side (anterior side) supplies lateral dorsum hand

44
Q

Clinical significance of radial nerve

A

wrist drop

BSMS204 Theme 2 Musculoskeletal (22 decks)

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