2. Nerve and blood supply to the upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery supplies the upper limb?

A

Subclavian artery supplies the upper limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does subclavian artery pass through?

A

Passes through scalene triangle

Over first rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the subclavian artery divide into?

A

Divided into 3 parts by scalenus anterior:
1st Medial to muscle
2nd Behind muscle
3rd Lateral to muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thryocervical trunk

A
Thyrocervical trunk (to thyroid, cervical, scapular)
Contributes to scapular anastomosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dorsal scapular artery

A

Dorsal scapular artery (from 2nd or 3rd part)

Contributes to scapular anastomosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the subclavian artery end?

A

Ends at it crosses outer border of first rib

Becomes axillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What divides the axillary artery?

A

Divided into three parts by pectoralis minor:
1st Medial to muscle
2nd Behind muscle
3rd Lateral to muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the axillary artery closely associated with?

A

First and second parts closely

associated with the brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the axillary artery end and what does it become?

A

Ends at lower border of teres major

Becomes brachial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some branches of the axillary artery?

A

Subscapular to scapular anastomosis

Ant/posterior circumflex humeral to neck/shaft of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is significant about the surgical neck of the humerus

A

Risk of fracture, leading to trauma to the anterior/posterior circumflex humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brachial artery

A

Superficial throughout arm

Supplies flexors

Large branch - Profunda brachii artery

Contributes to anastomosis around elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Profunda brachi artery

A

Large branch of brachial artery

Accompanies radial nerve in spiral groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Effect of fracture to humerus

A

trauma to profunda brachii artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Radial artery

A

Lateral side of forearm

Smaller of the two terminal branches

Covered by brachioradialis muscle

Forms deep palmer arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Radial artery in the hand

A

at wrist winds around to dorsum
through anatomical snuffbox
pierces first dorsal interosseous muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ulnar artery

A

Medial side of forearm

Covered by flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Deep branch
- Common interosseous artery (which heads to interosseous membrane)

Forms superficial palmar arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What artery forms the deep palmer arch?

A

the radial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What artery forms the superficial palmer arch?

A

ulnar artery

20
Q

Venous return

A

Considerably variable
Drains into axillary vein into subclavian vein
Deep and superficial veins

21
Q

Deep veins

A

Paired veins

Venae comitantes

22
Q

Superficial veins

A

Cephalic in lateral forearm
Basilic in medial forearm
From dorsal venous arch

23
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Relatively few lymph nodes in upper limb

Lymph drains to axillary nodes

24
Q

brachial plexus

A

Nerve supply to the upper limb

Carries motor, sensory and sympathetic axons

Produces mixed nerves
(i.e. contains axons from multiple spinal nerves)

- Important to supply large muscle groups
25
Q

Brachial plexus overview

A

divided into roots, trunks, division and cords

26
Q

Brachial plexus roots

A

Roots are ventral primary rami of C5 – T1

Dorsal scapular nerve (to the rhomboids and levator scapulae)
Long thoracic nerve (to serratus anterior)

27
Q

Motor innervation

A

Motor axons within each root innervate a different functional group of muscles (myotomes)

C5 Shoulder abduction and adduction

C6/C7 Elbow flexion and extension

C7/C8 Wrist flexion and extension

C8/T1 Movement of the digits

28
Q

Brachial plexus trunks

A

Roots form trunks

Trunks pass through scalene triangle

29
Q

Divisions of brachial trunks

A

Each trunk divides into anterior and posterior divisions

  • Anterior: Axons to flexor compartments
    [Forms lateral and medial cords]
  • Posterior: Axons to extensor compartments
    [Forms posterior cord]
30
Q

Cords of brachial plexus

A

Under pectoralis minor

Cords named in relation to axillary artery

31
Q

Lateral cords of brachial plexus

A

Terminates as:
Musculocutaneous nerve
Lateral part of median nerve

32
Q

What cords form the median nerve?

A

Lateral and medial cords

33
Q

Medial cord

A

Terminates as:
Medial part of median nerve
Ulnar nerve

34
Q

What cords form the median nerve?

A

Lateral and medial cords

35
Q

Medial nerve

A

Motor – Anterior forearm and lateral hand

Sensory – Lateral palm hand, d1,2, 3 + half d4

36
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Motor – Medial side anterior forearm and hand

Sensory – Medial hand + half d4 + d5

37
Q

Posterior cord

A

Terminates as:
Radial nerve
Axillary nerve

38
Q

Radial nerve

A

Motor – posterior arm and posterior forearm

Sensory – posterior arm and posterior forearm + lateral dorsum hand

39
Q

Axillary nerve

A

Motor – deltoid and teres minor

Sensory – badge area of arm

40
Q

Terminal branches of brachial plexus

A
musculocuteaneous nerve
axillary nerve
median nerve
radial nerve
ulnar nerve
41
Q

Upper limb dermatomes

A

An individual area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve”

Established during development

Lots of overlap/variation

Clinical: Altered sensation in the region of a dermatome indicates damage to specific spinal nerve of spinal cord segment (i.e. proximal nerve injury)

42
Q

Cutaneous innervation by terminal branches

A

Map looks different to dermatome map
Terminal branches contain axons from multiple spinal nerve

Clinical: Altered sensation in one of the areas indicates damage to a more distal nerve segment (i.e. distal nerve injury)

43
Q

What forms the scalene triangle?

A

1st rib, scalenus medius, scalenus anterior

44
Q

Branches of subclavian artery

A
Vertebral artery (1st part)
Thyrocervical trunk (to thyroid, cervical, scapular)
Dorsal scapular artery (from 2nd or 3rd parts)
45
Q

What does the brachial artery divide into and where?

A

Divides in cubital fossa into radial artery and ulnar artery