14. Morphological plan of the lower limb Flashcards by Zahraa Alzoubeidi | Brainscape

Q

Lower limb

A

Similar to upper limb

Some modifications

Bipedal

Locomotion
Weight bearing
High stresses

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Q

Comparison with lower limb

A

Lower limbs closer together

Extensors are anterior

Flexors are posterior

Medial rotation in development (week 6-8)
Brings posterior compartment anterior

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Q

Skeleton

A

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Q

Pelvis

A

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Q

Femur

A

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Q

Tibia, fibula and foot

A

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Q

Limb movements

A

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Lateral/medial rotation
Pronation/supination
Circumduction

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Q

Joints and movements

A

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Q

Functional compartments

A

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Q

Gluteal muscles

A

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Q

Gluteus maximus

A

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Q

Gluteus medius and minimus

A

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Q

Small muscles of the gluteal region

A

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Q

Anterior compartment of thigh

A

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Q

Quadraceps

A

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Q

Posterior compartment of the thigh

A

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Q

Movements of hamstring

A

Flex knee
Extend hip
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation

Q

Medial compartment of thigh

A

Q

Movements of muscles in medial compartment of thigh

A

Adduction

Medial rotation

(- Extension)

Q

Movements of thigh

A

Q

flexion muscles

A

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

Iliopsoas (Iliacus and psoas major)

Insert: lesser trochanter

Q

extension muscles

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings

Hamstring part of adductor magnus

Q

abduction muscles

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Q

adduction muscles

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor part of adductor magnus

Pectineus

Gracilis

Q

medial and lateral rotation of thigh

A

Gluteal muscles, hamstrings, adductors and short rotators

Q

Nerve supply

A

Q

Femoral nerve

A

runs over top of iliacus

under inguinal ligament

Q

Obturator nerve

A

Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Q

Blood supply

A

Q

Femoral triangle

A

Q

Clinical significance of femoral triangle

A

– femoral hernia (femoral canal), angioplasty, femoral nerve block, venepuncture

Q

Femoral artery

A

Q

Popliteal vessels

A

Q

tibial arteries

A

Q

Venous drainage

A

Deep veins follow arteries

Two major superficial veins:

Great or long saphenous vein
Small or short saphenous vein
Drain dorsal venous arch of foot

Q

Clincial significance of venous drainage

A

Clinical – Varicose veins (damage to valves in perforating veins leads to pooling of blood in superficial veins - varicosities)

Q

Great saphenous vein

A

Longest vein in body

Drains medial side of arch

Medial side of limb

Drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle

Q

Small saphenous vein

A

Drains lateral side of arch

Pierces deep politeal fascia

Drains into popliteal vein

Q

lymphatic drainage

A

®Follows general pattern of superficial and deep veins

Superficial inguinal nodes

Drain skin and superficial fascia of lower limb

Deep inguinal node

Beside femoral vein

Q

Dermatomes

A