14. Morphological plan of the lower limb Flashcards by Zahraa Alzoubeidi

Q

Lower limb

A

Similar to upper limb

Some modifications

Bipedal

Locomotion
Weight bearing
High stresses

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Q

Comparison with lower limb

A

Lower limbs closer together

Extensors are anterior

Flexors are posterior

Medial rotation in development (week 6-8)
Brings posterior compartment anterior

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Q

Skeleton

A

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Q

Pelvis

A

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Q

Femur

A

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Q

Tibia, fibula and foot

A

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Q

Limb movements

A

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Lateral/medial rotation
Pronation/supination
Circumduction

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Q

Joints and movements

A

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Q

Functional compartments

A

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Q

Gluteal muscles

A

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Q

Gluteus maximus

A

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Q

Gluteus medius and minimus

A

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Q

Small muscles of the gluteal region

A

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Q

Anterior compartment of thigh

A

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Q

Quadraceps

A

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Q

Posterior compartment of the thigh

A

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Q

Movements of hamstring

A

Flex knee
Extend hip
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation

Q

Medial compartment of thigh

A

Q

Movements of muscles in medial compartment of thigh

A

Adduction

Medial rotation

(- Extension)

Q

Movements of thigh

A

Q

flexion muscles

A

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

Iliopsoas (Iliacus and psoas major)

Insert: lesser trochanter

Q

extension muscles

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings

Hamstring part of adductor magnus

Q

abduction muscles

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Q

adduction muscles

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor part of adductor magnus

Pectineus

Gracilis

medial and lateral rotation of thigh

Gluteal muscles, hamstrings, adductors and short rotators

Nerve supply

Femoral nerve

runs over top of iliacus under inguinal ligament

Obturator nerve

Sciatic nerve

Blood supply

Femoral triangle

Clinical significance of femoral triangle

– femoral hernia (femoral canal), angioplasty, femoral nerve block, venepuncture

Femoral artery

Popliteal vessels

tibial arteries

Venous drainage

Deep veins follow arteries Two major superficial veins: - Great or long saphenous vein - Small or short saphenous vein - Drain dorsal venous arch of foot

Clincial significance of venous drainage

Clinical – Varicose veins (damage to valves in perforating veins leads to pooling of blood in superficial veins - varicosities)

Great saphenous vein

Longest vein in body Drains medial side of arch Medial side of limb Drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle

Small saphenous vein

Drains lateral side of arch Pierces deep politeal fascia Drains into popliteal vein

lymphatic drainage

®Follows general pattern of superficial and deep veins - Superficial inguinal nodes Drain skin and superficial fascia of lower limb - Deep inguinal node Beside femoral vein

Dermatomes