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BSMS204 Theme 2 Musculoskeletal > 16. anatomy of the leg and foot > Flashcards

16. anatomy of the leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the foot?

A

Supporting body weight
Stability/standing
Locomotion/propulsion (lever)
Shock absorption

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2
Q

Bones of the leg

A 
Fibula and tibia
Lateral and medial condyles
Superiro tibifibular joint
Tibial tuberosity
Interosseus membrane
Lateral malleolus on fibula
medial malleolus on tibia
inferior tibiofibular joint
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3
Q

joints between fibula and tibia

A

superior tibiofibular joint

inferior tibiofibular joint

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4
Q

Bones of the foot

A 
Tarsals:
Calcaneus
Talus
cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms

Metatarsals
Phalanges

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5
Q

features of posterior of foot

A 
calcaneal tuberosity (heel)
sustentaculum tali (extension of calcaneus over talus)
Sesmoid bones under D1 metatarsal
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6
Q

Movements of the foot

A

Dorsiflexion/extension
Plantarflexion/flexion
Eversion
Inversion
Supination (feet together - inversion/adduction)
Pronation (feet apart - eversion/abduction of front of foot)

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7
Q

Joints of the foot

A

Ankle joint - dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

Intertarsal joints (e.g. subtalar and transverse tarsal) - invert/evert, supinate

Metatarsophalangeal joints - extension/flexion, limited abduction/adduction

Interphalangeal . joints - extension and flexion

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8
Q

Ankle joint

A

extension/flexion

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9
Q

Intertarsal joint

A

Invert/evert

Supinate/pronate

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10
Q

metatarsophalangeal joints

A

extension/flexion

limited abduction/adduction

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11
Q

interphalangeal joints

A

extension/flexion

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12
Q

Ankle

A

articulation between talus and tibia/fibula

synovial hinge joint

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13
Q

What structures stabilise the ankle?

A

The lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus

Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular

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14
Q

Clinical implication of lateral/medial ligaments of ankle

A

Injury to lateral ligament (usually anterior talofibular ligament)

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15
Q

Subtalar joint

A

Between talus and calcaneus (+ navicular)

Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion

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16
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

A

Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination

between calcaneus and talus AND cuboid and navicular

Important for standing on uneven ground

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17
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A
  • thickening of deep fascia
  • protects underlying structure
  • supports longitudinal arch

starts at calcaneus with longitudinal bands to to toes

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18
Q

Clinical significance of plantar aponeurosis

A

plantar fasciitis (inflammation due to overuse)

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19
Q

Arches of the foot

A

longitudinal and transverse arches

Function:
shock absorbers during locomotions
Act as springboards
Distribute weight to calcaneus and ball of foot

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20
Q

Longitudinal arches

A

Lateral and medial longitudinal arches

Lateral - calcaneus, cuboid, lateral metatarsals

medial - medial metatarsals, cuneiform, navicular, calcaneus

Lateral much less defines than medial

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21
Q

What support the longitudinal arches?

A

long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis

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22
Q

Clinical implication of longitudinal arches?

A

Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)

23
Q

Transverse arch

A

supported by long tendons (mainly fibularis longus)

24
Q

Fibularis longus

A

long tendon supporting the transverse arch

25
Muscle compartments
Anterior - extend/invert foot- deep fibular nerve Posterior - flex/invert foot - tibial nerve Lateral - evert foot - superficial fibular nerve
26
Deep fibular nerve supplies
anterior muscle compartment which extends/invert foot
27
Tibial nerve
Posterior muscle compartment which flexes/inverts foot
28
Superficial fibular nerve
lateral muscle compartment - evert foot
29
Anterior compartment of leg
Three muscles Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot Origin: tibia and fibula Insertion: extensor retinaculum Supplied by deep fibular nerve
30
Anterior leg muscles
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus
31
Tibialis anterior
origin: tibia and fibula insertion: extensor retinaculum Extends/inverts foot supplied by deep fibular nerve
32
Extensor digitorum longus
origin: tibia and fibula insertion: extensor retinaculum Extends lateral 4 toes (not big toe) Supplied by deep fibular nerve
33
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin: tibia & fibula Inserts: extensor retinaculum Extends great toe Supplied by deep fibular nerve
34
Anterior compartment of leg
Extensor digitorum longus - middle and distal phalanges Tibialis anterior - medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal Extensor hoods - dorsal digital expansions Extensor hallucis longus - distal phalanx of great toe
35
Posterior compartment
two groups Superficial - flex (plantarflex) foot and leg Deep group - flex (plantarflex) and invert foot and flex toes
36
Superficial group of posterior compartment of leg
Flex (plantar flex) foot and leg gastrocnemius - origin: condyles of femur soleus - origin: tibia and fibula plantaris - origin: femur supplied by tibial nerve gastrocnemius inserts into tendo calcaneus
37
Deep group of posterior compartment of leg
Flex (plantar flec) and invert foot and flex toes Origin: tibia and fibula Mirrors anterior compartment Tibialis posterior - inverts foot Flexor digitorum longus - flexor of lateral 4 toes - corsses tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus - flexor of great toe Insert into flexor retinaculum
38
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexes lateral 4 toes | to distal phalanges (crosses flexor hallucis longus)
39
Tibialis posterior
inverts foot | to medial cuneiform and navicular
40
Flexor hallucis longus
flexes great toe to distal phalanx of great toe Enters groove on talus and calcaneus
41
Lateral compartment of leg
Evert Superficial fibular nerve Origin: fibula Fibularis longus (everts and plantar flexes foot) Fibularis brevis
42
Fiburalis longus
Everts and plantar flexes foot Origin: fibula Inserts: Medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
43
fibularis brevis
everts foot Origin: fibula inserts: 5th metartarsal
44
Lateral ong tendons of the foot
Lateral: Extensor retinaculum containing extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus Fibular retinaculum containing fibularis longus/brevis
45
Medial:
Tibialis anterior in medial side of extensor retinaculum Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus in flexor retinaculum
46
Intrinsic muscles of the foot
Many layers dorsal extensors - 1 layer plantar flexors/abductors/adductors - 4 layers
47
Blood supply
popliteal artery -> anterior tibial artery -> posterior tibial artery -> fibular artery
48
Tarsal tunnel
``` Flexor retinaculum Contents: Tibialis posterior Flexor Digitorum longus posterior tibial Artery/Vein tibial Nerve flexor Hallucis longus ``` Tom, Dick And Very Naughty Harry Clinical relevance: pulse
49
Median/lateral plantar arteries
Lateral plantar artery Forms deep plantar arch Posterior tibial artery -> medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery
50
Dorsalis pedis artery
Anterior compartment: anterior tibial artery goes to dorsalis pedis, anastomosis with deep palmar arch Sits beside the extensor hallucis longus tendon
51
Nerve supply to the leg
supplied by the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve Tibial - posterior compartment Deep fibular - anterior compartment Superficial fibular - lateral compartment
52
Tibial nerve
Tibial nerve Posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve enters tarsal tunnel Give the medial and lateral plantar nerves Motor: posterior compartment of leg and plantar intrinsic muscles Clinical: tarsal tunnel syndrome
53
Common fibular nerve
common fibular nerve to superficial and deep fibular nerves anterior tibial artery runs down the front Motor: deep - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles Superficial - lateral compartment of leg Clinical: trauma to common fibular nerve (foot drop)
54
Cutaneous nerve
Medial/lateral plantal nerves (tibial) supply sole of foot

BSMS204 Theme 2 Musculoskeletal (22 decks)

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